PHI MAG.C2.12 MAG.T11.11 MAG.T11.14 MAG.T11.1 MAG.T13.20 MAG.T11.24 MAG.T11.25 MAG.T11.56 MAG.T11.57 MAG.T12.26 MAG.T13.29 MAG.T11.59 MAG.T11.72 MAG.T11.77 MAG.T12.46 MAG.T12.69 MAG.T13.57 MAG.T13.59 MAG.T13.60 MAG.T13.71 MAG.T13.83 MAG.T13.85 MAG.T23.60 MAG.T21.30 MAG.T13.90 MAG.T21.39 MAG.T21.70 MAG.T22.48 MAG.T22.49 MAG.T22.36 MAG.T23.20 MAG.T23.24 MAG.T23.71 Disease PHI_MolConn_ID Gene Pathogen species Host description Host species Gene Function Mutant Phenotype Exp. Technique-stable Author reference Comments A0A024CHY4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial midrib rot (lettuce) PHI:4837 cipA Pseudomonas cichorii eudicots Lactuca sativa (related: garden lettuce) phytotoxic cyclic lipodepsipeptides reduced virulence gene mutation C Huang 2015 The cichopeptin-deficient mutant of P. cichorii SF1-54 exhibited significantly weaker virulence to butterhead lettuce than the parental strain, but SF1-54-deltacipA was as virulent as the cichofactin-deficient mutant, indicating that both phytotoxic cichopeptins and motility-related cichofactins affect virulence of P. cichorii SF1-54 on lettuce. A0A045IPH0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:5351 hadC Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) encoding a subunit of the HadBC dehydratase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation N Slama 2015 Mutation or deletion ofhadCaffects the biosynthesis of oxygenated mycolic acids, substantially reducing their production level. Additionally, it causes the loss of atypical extra-long mycolic acids, demonstrating the involvement of HadBC in the late elongation steps of mycolic acid biosynthesis. A0A059ZR97 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:5240 secA Acinetobacter baumannii moths Galleria mellonella (related: greater wax moth) iron utilization reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation S E Fiester 2015 Although some of these protein changes could negatively affect the pathobiology of the 2010 derivative, its virulence defect is mainly due to its inability to acquire iron via the acinetobactin-mediated system. These results together indicate that although the C terminus of theA. baumanniiATCC 19606T SecA is not essential for viability, it plays a critical role in the production and translocation of different proteins and virulence. A0A069B091 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 melioidosis PHI:8776 ppk1 Burkholderia pseudomallei primates Homo sapiens (related: human) polyphosphate kinase reduced virulence gene mutation K Srisanga 2018 Ppk1 defective strain showed a decrease in adhesion and invasion abilities to human lung epithelial cells A549. A0A072ZJC4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:10343 ntrC Pseudomonas aeruginosa rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) DNA-binding transcriptional regulator unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation M A Alford 2020 Mutants (ΔntrB, ΔntrC, and ΔntrBC) were reduced in their ability to invade and cause damage in a high-density abscess model in vivo. A0A081HZA4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:10183 PtkA Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) protein tyrosine kinase transcriptional regulator reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation S Jaiswal 2018 PtkA regulated Galectin 3 level and stimulated host macrophage through MEK-JNK-cJUN pathway and initiated early apoptosis in H37Ra infected macrophage. A0A085PGU8 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:9838 acs Vibrio cholerae flies Drosophila melanogaster (related: fruit fly) acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase reduced virulence gene deletion: full I Muzhingi 2018 Information funneled through CrbS is detectable to the bacterium only at times when preferred carbon sources are absent and that the environment may affect CrbS-dependent signaling mechanisms. A0A088U1Z5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 cystic fibrosis-like disease PHI:7250 ntrC Burkholderia cenocepacia moths Galleria mellonella (related: Greater wax moth) σ54 activator protein unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation; gene complementation Y Liu 2017 NtrC regulated the EPS production but had only a slight effect on biofilm formation. A0A088U4K2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 cystic fibrosis-like disease PHI:9577 paaB Burkholderia cenocepacia nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) phenylacetate degradation putative enoyl-CoA hydratase reduced virulence gene deletion: full T J Lightly 2019 Removal of paaABCDE in the cepI mutant and cepR mutant did not impact its attenuated phenotype. | While loss of PaaABCDE decreased virulence, deletion of the paaK genes resulted in a more virulent phenotype than the wild type strain. A0A090B8T6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:10397 cusR (ABUW_3323) Acinetobacter baumannii moths | rodents Galleria mellonella (related: Greater wax moth) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) DNA-binding response regulator reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation C L Williams 2020 Copper possessed antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant A. baumannii, and copper sensitivity was further increased when copper homeostasis mechanisms were interrupted. A0A098DJU9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 Fusarium head blight | head blight PHI:10449 | PHI:9062 FCA7 (FGSG_12369) | katG2 (FGSG_12369) Fusarium graminearum monocots Triticum aestivum (related: bread wheat) | Zea mays (related: maize) bifunctional catalase-peroxidase | putative secreted catalase-peroxidase reduced virulence gene deletion: full | gene deletion: full; gene complementation Y Guo 2019 | Y Lee 2018 Deletion mutants of FCA7 exhibited reduced virulence and increased trichothecene production compared with those of the wild-type strain. | KatG2 contributed to F. graminearum pathogenicity by alleviating oxidative stress in the vicinity of invasion hyphae. A0A0D1C055 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 smut PHI:12058 xyn1 (UMAG_04422) Ustilago maydis monocots Zea mays (related: maize) beta-xylanase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation I Moreno-Sánchez 2021 Ustilago maydis xylanases were differentially expressed during infection and are required for full virulence. A0A0D1CT94 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 smut PHI:11414 UMAG_12184 Ustilago maydis monocots Zea mays (related: maize) hypothetical protein unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation L Schmitz 2019 UMAG_03597 and UMAG_12184 deletion mutants were not affected in virulence, demonstrating that these genes were dispensable for pathogenic development. A0A0D5YHB7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:6264 adeB Acinetobacter baumannii moths Galleria mellonella (related: Greater wax moth) RND MDR efflux system reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation G E Richmond 2016 Deletion ofadeBimpacted only on the ability of strain AYE to form a biofilm on plastic and only on the virulence of strain Singapore 1 for Galleria mellonella. A0A0D5YKF1 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:8812 CopA (ABUW_2707) Acinetobacter baumannii rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) copper-translocating P-type ATPase reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation S F Alquethamy 2019 CopA provided a high level of copper resistance and protected the cell against oxidative stress. A0A0E0SID1 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fusarium head blight PHI:11601 sah1 (FGSG_05615) Fusarium graminearum monocots Triticum aestivum (related: bread wheat) S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation D Shi 2021 Deletion of FgSAH1 resulted in defects in vegetative growth, asexual and sexual reproduction, stress responses, virulence, lipid metabolism, and tolerance against fungicides. A0A0E2GV55 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 bacteremia PHI:6089 katG Acinetobacter nosocomialis moths Galleria mellonella (related: greater wax moth) catalase-peroxidase increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene mutation D Sun 2016 Bacteria lacking both thekatGandkatEgenes exhibit the highest sensitivity to H2O2. A0A0F6AXS9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:8808 lon Salmonella enterica primates | rodents Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) ATP-dependent protease increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene mutation L Jiang 2019 The repression of lon by LoiA contributed to S. Typhimurium invasion of intestinal epithelial cells and virulence in mice. A0A0F6AYC2 7.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 3.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:7263 cspE Salmonella enterica primates | rodents Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) cold shock protein loss of pathogenicity | reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full C Michaux 2017 Phenotypic assays in vitro demonstrated a crucial role for these proteins in membrane stress, motility and biofilm formation. A0A0F6AZ26 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:7212 STM14_1003 Salmonella enterica rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) putative electron transfer protein alpha subunit reduced virulence gene deletion: full L Jiang 2017 SPI-14 is not involved in systemic infection, and the attenuated virulence of the SPI-14 mutant observed in orally infected mice was likely due to the defect in intestinal invasion. A0A0F6AZ27 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:7214 STM14_1005 Salmonella enterica rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) putative acyl-CoA dehydrogenase reduced virulence gene deletion: full L Jiang 2017 SPI-14 is not involved in systemic infection, and the attenuated virulence of the SPI-14 mutant observed in orally infected mice was likely due to the defect in intestinal invasion. A0A0F6B0W4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 infection | salmonellosis PHI:10099 | PHI:6893 STM14_RS07705 (sufB) | sufB Salmonella enterica eudicots | rodents Lactuca sativa (related: garden lettuce) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) Fe-S cluster assembly protein | sulfur mobilization reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full | gene mutation A Vergnes 2016 | J Montano 2020 IscU mutant to invade epithelial cells much less efficiently than the wild-type, whereas the sufBC mutant invasion showed no defect compared to the wild-type, iscR mutant presented an efficiency of entry 1.44-fold higher than the wild-type strain. | The growth of mutants lacking SPI-2, but not mutants lacking SPI-1, was significantly impaired in the leaf apoplastic wash fluid (AWF) suggesting that the STm persistence in the apoplast may be linked to nutrient acquisition capabilities or overall bacterial fitness in this niche, which are dependent on the gene(s) deleted in the mutant strain lacking SPI-2. A0A0F6B0W5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:10100 STM14_RS07710 (sufC) Salmonella enterica eudicots Lactuca sativa (related: garden lettuce) Fe-S cluster assembly ATPase reduced virulence gene deletion: full J Montano 2020 The growth of mutants lacking SPI-2, but not mutants lacking SPI-1, was significantly impaired in the leaf apoplastic wash fluid (AWF) suggesting that the STm persistence in the apoplast may be linked to nutrient acquisition capabilities or overall bacterial fitness in this niche, which are dependent on the gene(s) deleted in the mutant strain lacking SPI-2. A0A0F6B5S1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:10076 STM14_RS15315 Salmonella enterica eudicots Lactuca sativa (related: garden lettuce) hydrogenase assembly chaperone unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full J Montano 2020 The growth of mutants lacking SPI-2, but not mutants lacking SPI-1, was significantly impaired in the leaf apoplastic wash fluid (AWF) suggesting that the STm persistence in the apoplast may be linked to nutrient acquisition capabilities or overall bacterial fitness in this niche, which are dependent on the gene(s) deleted in the mutant strain lacking SPI-2. A0A0F6B5S8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:10082 STM14_RS15345 Salmonella enterica eudicots Lactuca sativa (related: garden lettuce) manganese/iron ABC transporter ATP-binding protein unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full J Montano 2020 The growth of mutants lacking SPI-2, but not mutants lacking SPI-1, was significantly impaired in the leaf apoplastic wash fluid (AWF) suggesting that the STm persistence in the apoplast may be linked to nutrient acquisition capabilities or overall bacterial fitness in this niche, which are dependent on the gene(s) deleted in the mutant strain lacking SPI-2. A0A0F6B5S9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:10083 STM14_RS15350 Salmonella enterica eudicots Lactuca sativa (related: garden lettuce) iron ABC transporter permease unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full J Montano 2020 The growth of mutants lacking SPI-2, but not mutants lacking SPI-1, was significantly impaired in the leaf apoplastic wash fluid (AWF) suggesting that the STm persistence in the apoplast may be linked to nutrient acquisition capabilities or overall bacterial fitness in this niche, which are dependent on the gene(s) deleted in the mutant strain lacking SPI-2. A0A0F6B5T0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:10084 STM14_RS15355 Salmonella enterica eudicots Lactuca sativa (related: garden lettuce) iron ABC transporter permease unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full J Montano 2020 The growth of mutants lacking SPI-2, but not mutants lacking SPI-1, was significantly impaired in the leaf apoplastic wash fluid (AWF) suggesting that the STm persistence in the apoplast may be linked to nutrient acquisition capabilities or overall bacterial fitness in this niche, which are dependent on the gene(s) deleted in the mutant strain lacking SPI-2. A0A0F6B5T1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:10085 STM14_RS15360 Salmonella enterica eudicots Lactuca sativa (related: garden lettuce) putative inner membrane protein unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full J Montano 2020 The growth of mutants lacking SPI-2, but not mutants lacking SPI-1, was significantly impaired in the leaf apoplastic wash fluid (AWF) suggesting that the STm persistence in the apoplast may be linked to nutrient acquisition capabilities or overall bacterial fitness in this niche, which are dependent on the gene(s) deleted in the mutant strain lacking SPI-2. A0A0F6BB74 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:6981 tsr Salmonella enterica primates Homo sapiens (related: human) methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full S Hoffmann 2017 The successive MCP mutants were functionally tested in a HeLa cell infection model which revealed increased invasion rates for non-chemotactic mutants and strains lacking the MCP CheM (Tar). A0A0F7DI09 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:11418 ppiB Salmonella enterica rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase reduced virulence gene deletion: full M Kumawat 2019 Single-gene deletion mutant strains were more susceptible to the stationary phase of growth and heat stress conditions and showed reduced survival within macrophage cell line. A0A0G4J7R2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 blast (rice) PHI:7735 PbCYP3 Magnaporthe oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) cyclophilin reduced virulence heterologous expression; altered gene expression / gene regulation: overexpression K Singh 2017 The new strain ΔCyp1+ overexpressing PbCYP3 (from Plasmodiophora brassicae) showed increased virulence on rice compared to the ΔCyp1 strain. A0A0H2UYQ5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 shigellosis PHI:124113 AcrB Shigella flexneri primates Homo sapiens (related: human) tripartite complex reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full M Coluccia 2023 Deletion of both acrA and acrB genes causes reduced survival of S. flexneri M90T strain within Caco-2 epithelial cells and prevents cell-to-cell spread of the bacteria. | Lack of AcrAB EP poorly affects the viability of M90T when inside macrophage the proportion of dead bacteria detected at each time point was very similar either for the wild-type or mutant strain. | The percentage of M90T ΔacrB pSfacrB Δ408A PI-positive bacteria was very similar to the wild-type at very early stage of the infection, while it significantly increased in the following hours of infection. A0A0H2X5C4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:11599 XC_1355 (hlp) Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Capsicum annuum (no common name found) | Raphanus sativus (related: radish) DNA-binding histone-like protein reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation Q Su 2021 Mutation of XC_1355 in Xcc reduced the virulence, extracellular polysaccharide production, and cell motility. A0A0H2X6S6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:10421 PilG (XC_1183) Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Raphanus sativus (related: radish) single domain response regulator reduced virulence gene deletion full; gene complementation Y H Qi 2020 PilG and PilH contributed to the regulation of chemotaxis and virulence in Xcc. A0A0H2XCV9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:123729 | PHI:123734 fabB (XC_3652) Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Brassica oleracea (no common name found) beta-ketoacyl-[ACP] synthase I increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene deletion: full; gene complementation Y-H Yu 2022 ΔfabB strain produced large quantity of UFAs and result indicated that the FabA-FabB pathway is not essential for growth or UFA synthesis in X. campestris pv. Campestris. A0A0H2Z9B3 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 opportunistic infection PHI:7767 CcoN2 (PA14_44340) Pseudomonas aeruginosa nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) orphan cbb3-type cytochrome oxidase subunit reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation J Jo 2017 CcoN4 colony biofilm development and respiration in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 and also contributed to the reduction of phenazines, antibiotics that support redox balancing for cells in biofilms, and to virulence in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of infection. A0A0H2Z9C8 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 opportunistic infection PHI:7766 CcoN1 (PA14_44370) Pseudomonas aeruginosa nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) orphan cbb3-type cytochrome oxidase subunit reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation J Jo 2017 CcoN4 colony biofilm development and respiration in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 and also contributed to the reduction of phenazines, antibiotics that support redox balancing for cells in biofilms, and to virulence in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of infection. A0A0H2ZBJ8 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 opportunistic infection PHI:11745 ppk2B (PA14_33240) Pseudomonas aeruginosa nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) polyphosphate kinase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation N Neville 2021 Gallein-treated and ΔpolyP bacteria exhibited near-WT growth kinetics. A0A0H2ZG25 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 opportunistic infection PHI:7765 CcoN4 (PA14_10500) Pseudomonas aeruginosa nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) orphan cbb3-type cytochrome oxidase catalytic subunit reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation J Jo 2017 CcoN4 colony biofilm development and respiration in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 and also contributed to the reduction of phenazines, antibiotics that support redox balancing for cells in biofilms, and to virulence in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of infection. A0A0H2ZGV0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:123700 colR (PALES_47611) Pseudomonas aeruginosa rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) regulatory protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full C L Wiesmann 2022 Significantly smaller abscess than wild-type LESB58 (54% reduction in size; 90 ± 9 mm for wild-type versus 48.6 ± 3 mM for the ΔcolR mutant). A0A0H2ZKF2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 opportunistic infection PHI:11744 ppk2A (PA14_01730) Pseudomonas aeruginosa nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) polyphosphate kinase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation N Neville 2021 Gallein-treated and ΔpolyP bacteria exhibited near-WT growth kinetics. A0A0H3HR34 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 melioidosis PHI:11986 BPM02934 (vgrG2) Burkholderia pseudomallei primates | rodents Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) valine-glycine repeat protein G reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation J Li 2021 The deletion of vgrG2 gene significantly led to the decrease in the lethality of BPM and impaired its ability to trigger host immune response. A0A0H3JYW1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 skin infection; food poisoning; respiratory disease PHI:124149 narG Staphylococcus aureus moths | rodents Galleria mellonella (related: greater wax moth) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) nitrate reductase reduced virulence gene deletion: full | gene deletion: full ; gene complementation Y Li 2023 Bacterial colonization in the skin abscesses was considerably reduced in ΔnarG-infected mice compared to that in USA300 LAC-infected mice. | No significant changes were observed in the virulence of the Δ narG mutant and the narG agr double mutant using G. mellonella larvae as the target host. | narGHJI disruption resulted in decreased virulence using G. mellonella larvae as the target host. A0A0H3LHY6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Lyme disease PHI:10875 HK2 (BB0763) Borreliella burgdorferi rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) enoyl CoA dehydratase/isomerase reduced virulence altered gene expression / gene regulation: overexpression | gene mutation Q Liu 2020 HK2 was not required for spirochetal survival in the tick vector, but when fed on naive mice, the hk2 mutant had reduced infectivity through the route of tick bite. | Strains overexpressing hk2 had reduced infectivity in mice. A0A0H3N916 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:7307 AcrB Salmonella enterica moths | primates | rodents Galleria mellonella (related: Greater wax moth) | Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) efflux pump membrane transporter reduced virulence gene deletion: full | gene mutation X Wang-Kan 2017 The loss of efflux function of AcrB causes loss of virulence in S. Typhimurium. | The loss of efflux function of AcrB causes loss of virulence in S. Typhimurium. embryonic intestinal epithelial cells A0A0H3NBW6 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:11382 katN Salmonella enterica moths Galleria mellonella (related: Greater wax moth) catalase reduced virulence gene deletion: full H D Bismuth 2021 ROS production by G. mellonella was revealed by the virulence defects of Salmonella mutants lacking catalases/peroxiredoxins or cytoplasmic superoxide dismutases, both strains being highly sensitive to these oxidants. A0A0H3NDI1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:11384 tsaA Salmonella enterica moths Galleria mellonella (related: Greater wax moth) peroxiredoxin reduced virulence gene deletion: full H D Bismuth 2021 ROS production by G. mellonella was revealed by the virulence defects of Salmonella mutants lacking catalases/peroxiredoxins or cytoplasmic superoxide dismutases, both strains being highly sensitive to these oxidants. A0A0J9WX31 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial leaf blight PHI:8983 PXO_RS12150/ PXO_RS13080 Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) response regulator unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation S W Han 2019 Virulence of the 55 mutant strains was examined on leaves of Dong-jin rice plants of which lesion lengths on leaves of 9 mutant strains were significantly reduced compared to other mutants and PXO99A. A0A0K0GFV0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial leaf blight PHI:9011 PXO_RS01340 Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) response regulator unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation S W Han 2019 Virulence of the 55 mutant strains was examined on leaves of Dong-jin rice plants of which lesion lengths on leaves of 9 mutant strains were significantly reduced compared to other mutants and PXO99A. A0A0K0GI30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial leaf blight PHI:5062 | PHI:9023 DetR | PXO_RS05125 (DetR) Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) A cytoplasmic signaling component of the TCS | response regulator reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation | gene mutation M Nguyen 20154 | S W Han 2019 Virulence of the 55 mutant strains was examined on leaves of Dong-jin rice plants of which lesion lengths on leaves of 9 mutant strains were significantly reduced compared to other mutants and PXO99A. A0A0K0GI67 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial leaf blight PHI:9025 PXO_RS06355 Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) response regulator unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation S W Han 2019 Virulence of the 55 mutant strains was examined on leaves of Dong-jin rice plants of which lesion lengths on leaves of 9 mutant strains were significantly reduced compared to other mutants and PXO99A. A0A0K0GI74 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial leaf blight PHI:123440 minD (PXO_04464) Xanthomonas oryzae eudicots Nicotiana tabacum (related: common tobacco) | Oryza sativa (related: rice) septum site-determining protein MinD reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation Y Yan 2022 Did not exhibit significant swimming motility, produced more significant biofilm A0A0K0GI78 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial leaf blight PHI:9020 PXO_RS06090 Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) response regulator reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation S W Han 2019 Virulence of the 55 mutant strains was examined on leaves of Dong-jin rice plants of which lesion lengths on leaves of 9 mutant strains were significantly reduced compared to other mutants and PXO99A. A0A0K0GI99 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial leaf blight PHI:123439 minC (PXO_04463) Xanthomonas oryzae eudicots Nicotiana tabacum (related: common tobacco) | Oryza sativa (related: rice) probable septum site-determining protein MinC reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation | gene disruption Y Yan 2022 Did not exhibit significant swimming motility, produced more significant biofilm A0A0K0GIM7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial blight (rice) PHI:10490 PilC (PXO_04887) Xanthomonas oryzae eudicots Oryza sativa (related: rice) pilin biogenesis protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation C Yu 2020 RpoN2, PilRX, PilAX, and PilCX genes positively regulated biofilm formation and were required for twitching and swimming motility in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. A0A0K0GIS0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial blight (rice) PHI:10489 pilA (PXO_04886) Xanthomonas oryzae eudicots Oryza sativa (related: rice) major pilin reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation C Yu 2020 RpoN2, PilRX, PilAX, and PilCX genes positively regulated biofilm formation and were required for twitching and swimming motility in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. A0A0K0GJS5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial leaf blight PHI:8973 PXO_RS08445 Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) response regulator unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation S W Han 2019 Virulence of the 55 mutant strains was examined on leaves of Dong-jin rice plants of which lesion lengths on leaves of 9 mutant strains were significantly reduced compared to other mutants and PXO99A. A0A0K0GLJ4 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial leaf blight PHI:8639 CspD ( WP_003488188.1) Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) uncharacterized protein unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation L Wu 2018 CspA was important for cellular growth at low temperature and for virulence against rice. A0A0K0GLZ9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial leaf blight PHI:8990 PXO_RS14975 Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) response regulator unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation S W Han 2019 Virulence of the 55 mutant strains was examined on leaves of Dong-jin rice plants of which lesion lengths on leaves of 9 mutant strains were significantly reduced compared to other mutants and PXO99A. A0A0K0GNX3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial leaf blight PHI:9000 PXO_RS19870 Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) response regulator unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation S W Han 2019 Virulence of the 55 mutant strains was examined on leaves of Dong-jin rice plants of which lesion lengths on leaves of 9 mutant strains were significantly reduced compared to other mutants and PXO99A. A0A0K0GP65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial leaf blight PHI:9979 leuB (PXO_02610) Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation T Li 2019 Limiting amino acid availability in rice leaves may restrict Xoo growth in planta. A0A0K0GPS7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial leaf blight PHI:9002 PXO_RS20535 Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) response regulator reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation S W Han 2019 Virulence of the 55 mutant strains was examined on leaves of Dong-jin rice plants of which lesion lengths on leaves of 9 mutant strains were significantly reduced compared to other mutants and PXO99A. A0A0K0GQB7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial leaf blight PHI:9986 metB (PXO_03157) Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) cystathionine gamma-synthase (CGS) (O-succinylhomoserine(thiol)-lyase) reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation T Li 2019 Limiting amino acid availability in rice leaves may restrict Xoo growth in planta. A0A0K0GQW7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 leaf blight PHI:10178 rocF (PXO_RS22625) Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) arginase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation Y Zhang 2019 The rocF deletion mutant strain showed elevated sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide, reduced extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production, and reduced biofilm formation. A0A0K0GRJ7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 leaf blight PHI:124911 ProP (PXO_03510) Xanthomonas oryzae monocot Oryza sativa (related: rice) prophage lp2 protein 6 increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene deletion: full ; gene complementation M U Shahbaz 2020 ProP mutant caused more severe disease symptoms and longer lesion length. A0A0L9JQ40 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:6892 iscU Salmonella enterica rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) Fe-S cluster sensor reduced virulence gene mutation A Vergnes 2016 IscU mutant to invade epithelial cells much less efficiently than the wild-type, whereas the sufBC mutant invasion showed no defect compared to the wild-type, iscR mutant presented an efficiency of entry 1.44-fold higher than the wild-type strain. A0A0M2J080 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:6894 sufC Salmonella enterica rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) sulfur mobilization unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation A Vergnes 2016 IscU mutant to invade epithelial cells much less efficiently than the wild-type, whereas the sufBC mutant invasion showed no defect compared to the wild-type, iscR mutant presented an efficiency of entry 1.44-fold higher than the wild-type strain. A0A0S4V9F3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial wilt PHI:10501 pilA Ralstonia solanacearum eudicots Nicotiana tabacum (related: common tobacco) | Solanum lycopersicum (related: tomato) type 4 fimbrial pilin signal peptide protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation Y Zhang 2020 TapV is important for T4p-dependent swimming motility and root adherence, but negatively affects biofilm information in R. solanacearum A0A0S4VR07 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial wilt PHI:9816 treS Ralstonia solanacearum eudicots Solanum lycopersicum (related: Tomato) trehalose synthase reduced virulence gene deletion: full A M MacIntyre 2019 The lower colonization rates of the mutant strains and their significantly reduced competitive fitness indices suggested that Rs must synthesize trehalose to effectively colonize plants and cause disease. A0A0S4XD76 3.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 3.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial wilt PHI:124943 cspD3 Ralstonia solanacearum eudicots Nicotiana benthamiana (no common name found) cold shock family gene reduced virulence gene deletion: full ; gene complementation Y Liu 2020 The disease index of the ΔcspD3 mutant on the 20th day after inoculation was 1.6-fold reduced compared with the wild-type strain. A0A0T9DH93 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:7219 mas Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) multifunctional mycocerosic acid synthase membrane-associated MAS reduced virulence gene mutation B M Cumming 2017 Infection with the Mtb whiB3 mutant or polyketide mutants had little effect on the macrophage cell cycle and emulated the uninfected cells. A0A0U1FZZ2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:8757 tatA Salmonella enterica eukaryotes Dictyostelium discoideum (related: amoeba) Sec-independent protein translocase protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation I M Urrutia 2018 Tat system was crucial for S. Typhimurium to survive and proliferate intracellularly in D. discoideum and for virulence in this host. A0A0U1YU94 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 PHI:6362 pilA Pantoea ananatis monocots Allium cepa (related: onion) twitching motility reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation T Weller-Stuart 2016 A0A0U2P760 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial leaf blight PHI:8636 CspA (WP_011258294.1) Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) cold-shock protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation L Wu 2018 CspA was important for cellular growth at low temperature and for virulence against rice. A0A0U4VHH3 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial leaf blight PHI:8637 CspB (WP_011408744.1) Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) cold-shock protein unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation L Wu 2018 CspA was important for cellular growth at low temperature and for virulence against rice. A0A0U5BRC2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 canker (Citrus) PHI:7866 Lon Xanthomonas citri eudicots Citrus sinensis (related: sweet orange) | Citrus x paradisi (related: grapefruit) protease increased virulence (hypervirulence) | reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity altered gene expression / gene regulation: overexpression | gene deletion: full; gene complementation | gene mutation Zhou X 2018 Lon negatively regulates bacterial virulence by repressing T3SS gene transcription wherein phosphorylation of Lon protease is required for bacterial virulence and HR induction. A0A0U5FGQ5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Citrus canker PHI:125226 TolB Xanthomonas citri eudicot Citrus x paradisi (related: grapefruit) Tol/pal membrane protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full ; gene complementation L Wu 2025 In comparison with the WT, ΔtolB caused no symptoms on the leaves at 5 d post-inoculation. A0A0U5FK20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 canker (Citrus) PHI:9235 phoP Xanthomonas citri eudicots Citrus reticulata (related: tangerine) virulence transcriptional regulatory protein reduced virulence gene deletion; gene complementation C Wei 2019 Mutation of phoP reduced motility and biofilm formation in X. citri subsp. citri. A0A0Z8JEV9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 septicemia; meningitis; arthritis; endocarditis PHI:11627 mutT Streptococcus suis bony fishes | primates | rodents Danio rerio (related: zebrafish) | Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) NTP pyrophosphohydrolase including oxidative damage repair enzyme reduced virulence gene deletion: full Q Li 2021 MutT contributed to adhesion and invasion of SS2 to host cells. | MutT deletion mutant increased microbial clearance in host tissues of the infected mice. | The deletion of mutT attenuated the virulence of SS2 in zebrafish. A0A125YUJ7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 acute toxoplasmosis PHI:123717 PYK2 Toxoplasma gondii rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) pyruvate kinase2 unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full Z Niu 2022 Δpgk2-Δpyk2 strains displayed very similar survival plots, indicating that simultaneous inactivation of PGK2 and PYK2 had no influence on acute virulence of the parasites . A0A191TCF2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 gastric infection PHI:7341 htrA Helicobacter pylori primates Homo sapiens (related: human) serine protease increased virulence (hypervirulence) altered gene expression / gene regulation: overexpression A Harrer 2017 Overexpression of HtrA does not afect host cell binding, IL-8 secretion and verexpression of HtrA enhances disruption of cell-to-cell junctions by H. pylori. A0A1B7YJY4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 anthracnose PHI:10253 CHCAP (CH63R_04510) Colletotrichum higginsianum eudicots Arabidopsis thaliana (related: thale cress) adenylyl cyclase-associated protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation W Zhu 2019 Appressorial formation rate, turgor pressure, penetration ability and switch from biotrophic to necrotrophic phases decreased in ΔChCAP mutants. A0A1C3YHJ5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 Fusarium head blight PHI:123630 FgDBR1 Fusarium graminearum monocots Triticum aestivum (related: bread wheat) debranching enzyme reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation Y Choi 2022 Deletion of FgDBR1 resulted in pleiotropic defects in hyphal growth, conidiation, sexual reproduction, and virulence. A0A1D8PDC4 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 disseminated candidiasis PHI:123910 ATP1 Candida albicans moths Galleria mellonella (related: Greater wax moth) F1Fo-ATP synthase α subunit loss of pathogenicity gene deletion: full S Li 2023 Survival rate of G. mellonella infected with atp1Δ/Δ was 100%, while that of WT was 16.6%. A0A1H1XDV4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:10736 algU Pseudomonas syringae eudicots Nicotiana benthamiana (no common name found) RNA polymerase sigma factor reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full Z Bao 2019 AlgU was necessary for downregulating bacterial flagellin expression in planta and that this resulted in a corresponding reduction in plant immune elicitation. A0A1H3W0C7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bark cancer disease PHI:125223 KdpE Lonsdalea quercina eudicot Populus x canadensis (related: carolina poplar) regulatory protein reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full | gene deletion: full ; gene complementation R L Yang 2018 The deletion of kdpE or overexpression of kdpD resulted in almost complete loss of bacterial virulence. | The deletion of kdpE/ kdpD showed same virulence as wild type. | The virulence levels, resistance to H2O2 and chloramphenicol stresses of ΔkdpE-kdpED53A was similar to those of WT strains. A0A1I5AAS6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial speck (tomato) | brown spot (bean) PHI:10620 aauR Pseudomonas syringae eudicots Arabidopsis thaliana (related: Thale cress) | Phaseolus vulgaris (related: kidney bean) two-component system, response regulator reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation Q Yan 2020 An aauR deletion mutant of P. syringae strain B728a, a bean pathogen, had decreased T3SS expression and growth in host plants. | Mutants of P. syringae strain DC3000 lacking aauS, aauR or aatJ had decreased T3SS deployment and virulence during infection of Arabidopsis. A0A1U7ET34 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:10532 mexF Pseudomonas syringae eudicots Nicotiana tabacum (related: common tobacco) multidrug efflux RND transporter reduced virulence gene deletion: full Y Ichinose 2020 The swarming and swimming motilities were impaired in ΔmexF and ΔmexBΔmexF mutants. A0A1V2WCB4 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 cystic fibrosis-like disease PHI:9584 paaK2 Burkholderia cenocepacia nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) phenylacetate-coenzyme A ligase increased virulence (hypervirulence) | reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full T J Lightly 2019 A low virulence cepR mutant reverted to a virulent phenotype upon removal of the paaK genes. | While loss of PaaABCDE decreased virulence, deletion of the paaK genes resulted in a more virulent phenotype than the wild type strain. A0A1V2Y2U7 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 cystic fibrosis-like disease PHI:9583 paaK1 Burkholderia cenocepacia nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) phenylacetate-coenzyme A ligase increased virulence (hypervirulence) | reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full T J Lightly 2019 A low virulence cepR mutant reverted to a virulent phenotype upon removal of the paaK genes. | While loss of PaaABCDE decreased virulence, deletion of the paaK genes resulted in a more virulent phenotype than the wild type strain. A0A289ZXQ7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fusarium head blight PHI:124063 WC1 Fusarium asiaticum monocots Triticum aestivum (related: bread wheat) | Zea mays (related: maize) white collar 1 reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation Y Tang 2023 Infection with the WT caused larger decaying areas than infection with the ΔFawc1 mutant. | ΔFahog1 mutant showed apparent defects in causing stem rot symptoms when they were inoculated on maize stems. A0A2H4QBA5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 skeletal disease (children); infective endocarditis PHI:10188 modK1 Kingella kingae primates Homo sapiens (related: human) adenine specific DNA methylase reduced virulence gene mutation Y N Srikhanta 2017 ModK1 phasevarion influences the host inflammatory response and provides the first evidence of this phase variable epigenetic mechanism of gene regulation in K. kingae. A0A2K8W3I0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 soft rot; blackleg disease PHI:10540 lon Dickeya solani eudicots Solanum tuberosum (related: potato) protease reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation D Figaj 2020 No difference was observed in the degree of maceration of the tuber or leaf tissues between the WT and mutant strains, hence, the observed delay in the potato plant infection process was most probably due to reduced motility of the Δlon strain. A0A2K9QF94 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 soft rot diseases PHI:124503 ihfA Dickeya zeae eudicots | monocots Musa acuminata (related: dwarf banana) | Solanum tuberosum (related: potato) integration host factor loss of pathogenicity gene deletion: full | gene deletion: full ; gene complementation S Chen 2022 """The disease severity of the banana seedlings inoculated with the double mutant was ranked ""0"" (symptomless) after 7 days of inoculation, while the banana seedlings inoculated with MS2 and the complemented strains were discoloured. and rotten."" | ""The disease severity of the banana seedlings inoculated with the mutant was ranked ""0"" (symptomless) after 7 days of inoculation, while the banana seedlings inoculated with MS2 and the complemented strains were discoloured. and rotten."" | The diseased area on the potato slices inoculated with the deletion mutant was much smaller than those slices inoculated with MS2 or the complemented strains. | The diseased area on the potato slices inoculated with the double deletion mutant was much smaller than those slices inoculated with MS2 or the complemented strains." A0A2L1CGE9 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tularemia PHI:10445 | PHI:11348 ClpB | clpB Francisella tularensis moths | rodents Galleria mellonella (related: Greater wax moth) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) chaperone protein | effector protein effector (plant avirulence determinant) | reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation | gene mutation A Alam 2020 | M Brodmann 2021 Even one of PdpC, PdpD or OpiA T6SS effectors was sufficient to kill G. mellonella larvae while sheath recycling by ClpB was dispensable. | The N-terminus of clpB was dispensable for heat shock, but required for T6S, intracellular replication in macrophages, and virulence. A0A2N6NAN0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 white muscardine PHI:124100 Atg3 Beauveria bassiana moths Galleria mellonella (related: greater wax moth) autophagy-related gene 3 reduced virulence gene deletion: full J L Ding 2023 The LT50 values of ΔBbatg3 was delayed to 4 days. A0A380PIP1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 pneumonic plague PHI:11030 bipA Yersinia pestis primates | rodents Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) putative GTPase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation S D Crane 2021 BipA is a Y. pestis virulence factor that promoted defense against early neutrophil-mediated bacterial killing in the lung. A0A384JHK6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 grey mold PHI:11184 BcCyp2 (BCIN_05g03080) Botrytis cinerea eudicots Malus domestica (related: apple) | Phaseolus vulgaris (related: kidney bean) peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation J Sun 2021 Disruption of cyclophilin gene BcCYP2 did not impair the pathogen mycelial growth, osmotic and oxidative stress adaptation as well as cell wall integrity, but delayed conidial germination and germling development, altered conidial and sclerotial morphology, reduced infection cushion (IC) formation, sclerotial production and virulence. A0A384JMC8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 grey mold PHI:9835 bcpgd Botrytis cinerea eudicots Vitis vinifera (related: wine grape) 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation H Li 2019 BcNoxR regulated the oxidative stress response and pathogenesis, at least partially, by affecting the oxidation state of BcPGD. A0A384K5Y8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 grey mold PHI:124201 mdl1 Botrytis cinerea eudicots Solanum lycopersicum (related: tomato) mitochondrial inner membrane ABC transporter reduced virulence gene deletion: full ; gene complementation F Fan 2023 Reductions in conidial germination and virulence were observed in Bcmdl1 knockout transformants compared to the parental isolate and complemented transformants. A0A518VKX7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 soft rot PHI:10587 kduD Pectobacterium carotovorum monocots Zantedeschia aethiopica (related: arum-lily) 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 5-dehydrogenase unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation J Fan 2020 The maceration caused by PccS1 was mainly due to the depression of plant callose deposition for resistance by the related bacterial genes and the superlytic ability of pectinolytic enzymes produced in PccS1, rather than the promotion of plant cell death elicited by the T3SS. A0A550KY48 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection | opportunistic infection PHI:10342 | PHI:123266 ntrB Pseudomonas aeruginosa primates | rodents Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) nitrate ABC transporter, permease protein reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation | gene mutation | gene mutation; gene complementation M A Alford 2020 | M A Alford 2022 Coinfected with S. aureus USA300 LAC | Mutants (ΔntrB, ΔntrC, and ΔntrBC) were reduced in their ability to invade and cause damage in a high-density abscess model in vivo. A0A5A4WCC8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 lung disease; subacute cervical lymphadenitis; chronic cervical lymphadenitis PHI:9933 lysX Mycobacterium avium moths | primates Galleria mellonella (related: greater wax moth) | Homo sapiens (related: human) lysylphosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis bifunctional protein increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene deletion: full; gene complementation G Kirubakar 2020 The lysX mutant exhibited increased inflammatory response in PBMC and multi-nucleated giant cell (MGC) formation in human macrophages during infection studies.Monocyte-derived macrophages | The lysX mutant strain revealed to be more reproductive in the Galleria mellonella infection model. A0A654THK5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:124256 phoP Mycobacterium tuberculosis moths Galleria mellonella (related: greater wax moth) transcriptional regulator reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation M Asai 2022 Larval challenge with ΔphoP led to significant (p < 0.0001) attenuation in virulence relative to the WT, with larval survival of 93% and 48%. A0A7U7JDS0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial wilt PHI:124162 aroQ2 Ralstonia solanacearum eudicots Nicotiana benthamiana (no common name found) | Solanum lycopersicum (related: tomato) 3-dehydroquinase loss of pathogenicity | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full ; gene complementation Q Zhang 2023 Deletion of aroQ2 did not alter the growth of R. solanacearum or pathogenicity on host plants. | aroQ1/2 double mutant failed to cause any wilting symptoms on two plants till 24 dpi A0A7V9W6U0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:124228 phoP Mycobacterium canettii primates | rodents Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) two-component system reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation W Malaga 2023 Low bacterial load of the ΔphoPR::hyg mutant, inflammatory lesions were detectable in mice. | Percentage of infected cells was significantly lower for STB-KR and the STB-KR ΔphoPR::hyg mutant. A0A7X0PXM9 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial wilt PHI:124161 aroQ1 Ralstonia solanacearum eudicots Nicotiana benthamiana (no common name found) | Solanum lycopersicum (related: tomato) 3-dehydroquinase loss of pathogenicity | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full ; gene complementation Q Zhang 2023 Deletion of aroQ1 did not alter the growth of R. solanacearum or pathogenicity on host plants. | aroQ1/2 double mutant failed to cause any wilting symptoms on two plants till 24 dpi A0A7Z6XWP1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial canker PHI:123592 ompR Pseudomonas syringae eudicots Actinidia chinensis (related: zhong hua mi hou tao) | Nicotiana tabacum (related: common tobacco) transcriptional regulators reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity altered gene expression / gene regulation: overexpression | gene deletion: full F Zhao 2022 The deletion or overexpression of OmpR-like in Psa had no significant effect on its pathogenicity. | the deletion or overexpression of OmpR-like in Psa had no significant effect on its pathogenicity against its host tobacco. A0A829CTM5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 leptospirosis PHI:124133 flhG Leptospira interrogans rodents Mesocricetus auratus (related: golden hamster) negative regulator loss of pathogenicity gene deletion: full ; gene complementation L Fule 2021 L. interrogans flhG− mutant was attenuated for virulence in the hamster model. A0A854CR10 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 leaf blight PHI:124759 ClpA Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) ATP-dependent Clp protease reduced virulence gene deletion: full ; gene complementation Y Ni 2021 The reduced lesions formed on rice leaves that were inoculated with ΔClpA than the Zj173 and complementary. A0A8E5MEA6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 false smut (rice) | rice false smut disease PHI:123180 | PHI:124533 UvVEA (UV8b_01329) | VEA (UV8b_01329) Ustilaginoidea virens monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) velvet domain-containing protein | velvet family regulatory protein loss of pathogenicity | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full | gene deletion: full; gene complementation M Yu 2022 | M Yu 2024 Deletion of UvVEA affected the conidiation of U. virens but had no effect on the virulence of this pathogen. | ΔUvVELC/ ΔUvVEA double mutants behaved almost identically to ΔUvVELC mutants, and completely lost conidiation and pathogenicity. A0AB39I8F1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 soft rot diseases PHI:125218 ihfA Dickeya oryzae eudicots | monocot Nicotiana benthamiana (no common name found) | Oryza sativa (related: rice) | Solanum tuberosum (related: potato) integration host factor subunit alpha loss of pathogenicity | reduced virulence gene deletion: full ; gene complementation X Chen 2019 At 24 h postinoculation, no signs of a HR were present on tobacco leaves inoculated with mutant strains, while a HR was apparent on tobacco leaves inoculated with wild type and complementation strains. | Potato tuber inoculated with the wild type and complementary strains showed severe doft rot, while mutant strains had very few symptoms of soft rot. | The stem bases of rice seedlings inoculated with wild type or complementation mutants turned black and rotten, whereas no symptoms appeared in rice seedlings in mutants. A0AB39IM06 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 soft rot diseases PHI:125219 ihfB Dickeya oryzae eudicots | monocot Nicotiana benthamiana (no common name found) | Oryza sativa (related: rice) | Solanum tuberosum (related: potato) integration host factor subunit beta loss of pathogenicity | reduced virulence gene deletion: full ; gene complementation X Chen 2019 At 24 h postinoculation, no signs of a HR were present on tobacco leaves inoculated with mutant strains, while a HR was apparent on tobacco leaves inoculated with wild type and complementation strains. | Potato tuber inoculated with the wild type and complementary strains showed severe doft rot, while mutant strains had very few symptoms of soft rot. | The stem bases of rice seedlings inoculated with wild type or complementation mutants turned black and rotten, whereas no symptoms appeared in rice seedlings in mutants. A0Q787 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tularemia PHI:123790 rpe (FTN_1221) Francisella tularensis flies Drosophila melanogaster (related: fruit fly) D-ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation H Rytter 2021 The Δrpe mutant was slightly less virulent than the WT and killed 90% of the flies after 10 days. A0QHC4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 respiratory disease PHI:7990 LysX Mycobacterium avium primates Homo sapiens (related: human) bifunctional protein with lysyl transferase and lysyl-tRNA synthetase activity increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene mutation; gene complementation G Kirubakar 2018 The lysX mutant exhibited an enhanced intracellular growth in human blood-derived monocytes. A0QPF9 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 non-pathogenic PHI:11319 RmlA Mycolicibacterium smegmatis primates Homo sapiens (related: human) thymidylyltransferase reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity heterologous expression D Qu 2021 Virulence of RmlA T12D mutant was attenuated in a macrophage model. A0R5R2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 non-pathogenic PHI:8805 MSMEG_6281 Mycolicibacterium smegmatis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) peptidoglycan amidase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation J He 2019 MSMEG_6281 inactivation in the M sm-ΔM_6281 infected group caused less mycobacterial colonization, reduced pathological signs, decreased the anti-microbial enzymes production including iNOS and β-defensins in mouse lungs. A1KT19 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 meningococcal infection PHI:6863 pnp Neisseria meningitidis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) polynucleotide phosphorylase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation J Engman 2016 Deletion of the gene encoding PNPase leads to hyperaggregation and increased adhesion to epithelial cells. A1TJR0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial fruit blotch PHI:123732 oxyR (Aave_0594) Paracidovorax citrulli eudicots Cucumis melo (related: muskmelon) transcriptional regulator reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation J Wang 2022 oxyR mutant results in reduced swimming motility, twitching motility, biofilm formation, virulence, and bacterial growth in planta by significantly affecting flagellin and type IV pili-related gene (fliC and pilA) expression. A1TJV1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial fruit blotch PHI:125240 pilU (Aave_0635) Acidovorax citrulli eudicot Citrullus lanatus (related: wild melon) type IV pili component reduced virulence gene deletion: full T Rosenberg 2018 Virulence with strain M6 led to about 95% of dead seedlings at 7 days after inoculation, the average percentage of dead seedlings among those inoculated with the mutants ranged from approximately 15 to 50%. A1TJV3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial fruit blotch PHI:125228 pilT (Aave_0637) Acidovorax citrulli eudicot Citrullus lanatus (related: wild melon) type IV pili component reduced virulence gene deletion: full T Rosenberg 2018 Virulence with strain M6 led to about 95% of dead seedlings at 7 days after inoculation, the average percentage of dead seedlings among those inoculated with the mutants ranged from approximately 15 to 50%. A1TJV4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial fruit blotch PHI:123731 yggS (Aave_0638) Paracidovorax citrulli eudicots Cucumis melo (related: muskmelon) pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation Y Wang 2022 The disease indices (DI) caused by XjL12, Δyggs and CyggS were 47.87, 5.15, and 40.78, respectively. The DI of ΔyggS was significantly lower than the wild-type and complemented strains. A1TKW0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial fruit blotch PHI:125239 pilQ (Aave_1000) Acidovorax citrulli eudicot Citrullus lanatus (related: wild melon) type IV pili component reduced virulence gene deletion: full T Rosenberg 2018 Virulence with strain M6 led to about 95% of dead seedlings at 7 days after inoculation, the average percentage of dead seedlings among those inoculated with the mutants ranged from approximately 15 to 50%. A1TLH1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial fruit blotch PHI:125245 fimV (Aave_1218) Acidovorax citrulli eudicot Citrullus lanatus (related: wild melon) type IV pili component reduced virulence gene deletion: full T Rosenberg 2018 Virulence with strain M6 led to about 95% of dead seedlings at 7 days after inoculation, the average percentage of dead seedlings among those inoculated with the mutants ranged from approximately 15 to 50%. A1TLJ0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial fruit blotch PHI:123722 PpdaAc Paracidovorax citrulli eudicots Citrullus lanatus (related: wild melon) pyridoxal phosphate-dependent aminotransferase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation J Lee 2022 ppdaAc knockout mutant had a significantly reduced virulence in watermelon. A1TM48 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial fruit blotch PHI:123878 ntrC (Aave_1445) Paracidovorax citrulli eudicots Citrullus lanatus (related: wild melon) nitrogen-regulating gene reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation D Liu 2023 The ntrC mutant strain exhibited significantly decreased virulence, in vitro growth, in vivo colonization ability and swimming motility. A1TS62 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 bacterial fruit blotch PHI:124860 ClpA Acidovorax citrulli eudicots Cucumis melo (related: muskmelon) protease reduced virulence gene deletion: full ; gene complementation S Ziye 2024 Compared to WT, the virulence of ΔClpA on the cotyledons of melon seedlings was significantly reduced. A1TTE0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial fruit blotch PHI:125230 pilB (Aave_3680) Acidovorax citrulli eudicot Citrullus lanatus (related: wild melon) type IV pili component reduced virulence gene deletion: full T Rosenberg 2018 Virulence with strain M6 led to about 95% of dead seedlings at 7 days after inoculation, the average percentage of dead seedlings among those inoculated with the mutants ranged from approximately 15 to 50%. A1TW76 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial fruit blotch PHI:125229 pilA (Aave_4679) Acidovorax citrulli eudicot Citrullus lanatus (related: wild melon) type IV pili component reduced virulence gene deletion: full T Rosenberg 2018 Virulence with strain M6 led to about 95% of dead seedlings at 7 days after inoculation, the average percentage of dead seedlings among those inoculated with the mutants ranged from approximately 15 to 50%. A3M1G3 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:7860 RpoB Acinetobacter baumannii nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) beta-subunit of the RNA polymerase reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation M Perez-Varela 2017 The construction of knockout mutants in each of the six downregulated genes revealed a significant reduction in the surface-associated motility and virulence of four of them in the A. baumannii ATCC 17978 strain, as well as in the virulent clinical isolate MAR002. A3M3S7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:11447 csrA Acinetobacter baumannii moths Galleria mellonella (related: Greater wax moth) carbon storage regulator reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation J M Farrow 2020 The ΔcsrA mutant strains had a greatly reduced ability to kill Galleria mellonella larvae, could not replicate in G. mellonella hemolymph, and also had a growth defect in human serum. A3M645 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:10380 RecA Acinetobacter baumannii moths | nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) | Galleria mellonella (related: greater wax moth) DNA strand exchange and recombination protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation J Corral 2020 RecA and CheW-like proteins were involved in the surface-associated motility and chemotaxis of A. baumannii strain ATCC 17978. A3M9P1 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 pneumonia PHI:10701 hisF (A1S_3245) Acinetobacter baumannii primates | rodents Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase cyclase subunit reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation M Martínez-Guitián 2020 Deletion of feoA (A1S_0242), an oxygenase-like (A1S_0315), bnfL (A1S_1657), basB (A1S_2390), a tonB-like (A1S_3032) and esvF2 (A1S_3290) genes resulted in a significant reduction in the ability of ATCC 17978 to adhere to A549 human alveolar epithelial cells. | Mutant strains lacking the feoA, mtnN, yfgC, basB, hisF, oatA and bfnL showed a significant loss of virulence in murine pneumonia. A3MZ94 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 lung infection PHI:3533 LonA Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) Lon proteases reduced virulence gene mutation F Xie 2016 A3N3P9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 pleuropneumonia (pig) PHI:11023 hfq Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae moths | primates Galleria mellonella (related: Greater wax moth) | Homo sapiens (related: human) RNA chaperone reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation J S Crispim 2020 Differences were seen between the three serovar WT strains regarding adherence, stress response and virulence in G. mellonella, and deletion of hfq affected some, but not all of these phenotypes, depending on serovar. A4K9H6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial blight PHI:1144 PhoP Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) two-component system response regulatory required for Ax21 (synonym: AvrXa21)activity reduced virulence gene disruption; complementation; other evidence Lee et al. Test on Oryza sativa containing Xa21 gene resulted in wt pathogenicity therefore either no effect on Avrxa21 activity or reduced overall virulence. Test on Oryza sativa lacking Xa21 gene resulted in reduced virulence therefore overall reduced virulence (mask any effect of mutant on AvrXa21 activity). Caution paper retraction of related Science paper Lee et al., 2009 due to strain mix up PHI:1146 A4QUT2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 blast (rice) PHI:2183 CPXB Magnaporthe oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) catalase-peroxidase unaffected pathogenicity gene disruption; gene complementation Shigeru Tanabe H2O2 at 5 mM strongly inhibited the growth of deltaCPXB strains, while the growth of the control strain and cCPXB strain exhibited approximately 50% inhibition. These results strongly suggested that CPXB is a major se-reted catalase of M. oryzae for the degradation of extracellu-lar H2O2, conferring resistance against H2O2 during vegetative growth. A4QVZ8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 blast (rice) PHI:124136 Nte1 Magnaporthe oryzae monocots Hordeum vulgare (related: barley) | Oryza sativa (related: rice) effector protein effector (plant avirulence determinant) gene deletion: full ; gene complementation X Chen 2023 Deletion of the MoNTE1 gene caused a significant reduction of fungal growth and conidiogenesis and attenuated the pathogenicity. | MoNte1Δnls developed necrotic lesions on the rice epidermal tissues as severe as the WT. A4VTU5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 meningitis; septicemia; arthritis; pneumonia (pig) PHI:6138 cps2E Streptococcus suis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) glycosyltransferases reduced virulence gene mutation Y Zhang 2016 In a mouse model of infection, the mutant strains were rapidly cleared by the immune system, compared with the wild-type strain. A4VWH9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 meningitis; septicemia; arthritis; pneumonia (pig) PHI:11234 Eno Streptococcus suis even-toed ungulates | rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) | Sus scrofa (related: Pig) enolase unaffected pathogenicity functional test in host H Liu 2021 Eno played an important role in SS2 adhesion to PBMECs and penetration into the BBB. A5A9S7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 pulmonary infection; cutaneo-mucous infection | respiratory infection PHI:5400 | PHI:8020 MmpL4a | mmpL4a Mycobacteroides abscessus bony fishes Danio rerio (related: zebrafish) involved in glycopeptidolipids (GPL) synthesis and transport | multisubstrate efflux pumps increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene disruption; gene complementation | gene mutation; gene complementation A Viljoen 2018 | R Székely 2015 Low-level GPL producing mmpS4::pUX3 is more virulent than the S variant in zebra?sh embryos, but not as virulent as the R variant. | Tyr842H is missense mutation in the mmpL4a gene was shown to be responsible for the smooth-to-rough morphotype change of the near untreatable opportunistic pathogen. Mycobacterium bolletii due to its failure to export a glycopeptidolipid (GPL). This mutation was pleiotropic and markedly increased virulence in infection models. A5F6S0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 cholera PHI:4108 fadD Vibrio cholerae rabbits and hares Oryctolagus cuniculus (related: rabbit) encoding a long-chain fatty acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) ligase reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene disruption E Chatterjee 2014 A6P7G9 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 cholera PHI:7771 vexB Vibrio cholerae rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) multidrug efflux transporter reduced virulence gene mutation X R Bina 2018 ToxR repressed virulence factor production in response to metabolites that are normally effluxed from the cell by the RND transporters. A6QHK8 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 skin infection; food poisoning; respiratory disease PHI:3004 ClpX Staphylococcus aureus rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) part of proteolytic complex reduced virulence gene deletion: full D Frees 2003 ClpX and clpP mutant cells are sensitive to hydrogen peroxide A6VCH8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:123155 | PHI:9917 dksA2 Pseudomonas aeruginosa rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) RNA polymerase-binding protein reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full | gene deletion: full; gene complementation A Fortuna 2022 | K B Min 2020 Mice infected with PAO1 and ΔdksA2 mutants were affected at a significantly faster rate, whereas mice infected with ΔdksA1 and ΔdksA1ΔdksA2 mutants died slowly and survived for up to 22 hours. | The P. aeruginosa dksA1/dksA2 mutant showed impaired H2O2 tolerance in planktonic and bioflm-growing cultures and increased susceptibility to macrophages-mediated killing compared to the wild type. A6VDP3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 opportunistic infection PHI:123267 ntrC Pseudomonas aeruginosa primates | rodents Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) DNA-binding transcriptional regulator NtrC reduced virulence gene mutation | gene mutation; gene complementation M A Alford 2022 Coinfected with S. aureus USA300 LAC A7EXS0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 white mold PHI:9519 SsFdh1 (SS1G_10135) Sclerotinia sclerotiorum eudicots Phaseolus vulgaris (related: kidney bean) | Solanum lycopersicum (related: Tomato) formaldehyde dehydrogenase reduced virulence altered gene expression / gene regulation: overexpression | gene deletion: full; gene complementation | gene mutation G Zhu 2019 Overexpressing Ssfdh1 in the ΔSsnsd1 background allowed host penetration but symptom development was delayed. | SsFdh1 functions in formaldehyde detoxification, nitrogen metabolism, sclerotium development, and pathogenicity. A7F519 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 PHI:2910 Shk1 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum eudicots Brassica napus (related: rape) | Cucumis sativus (related: cucumber) | Fragaria x ananassa (related: strawberry) | Solanum lycopersicum (related: tomato) two-component histidine kinase unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation Y DUAN 2013 Disruption of Shk1 resulted in resistance to phenylpyrrole and dicarboximide fungi-cides and increased sensitivity to hyperosmotic stress and H2O2-induced oxidative stress A7MVT5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 luminous vibriosis PHI:4020 hmgA Vibrio campbellii crustaceans Penaeus monodon (related: black tiger shrimp) homogentisate-1,2-dioxygenase reduced virulence gene deletion: full Z Wang 2013 A8WDI5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 vibriosis PHI:123848 rpoS Vibrio alginolyticus bony fishes Danio rerio (related: zebrafish) RNA polymerase sigma factor RpoS reduced virulence gene deletion: full L Huang 2019 Zebrafish injected with rpoS-RNAi strain started to die since day 6 and reached 15% death ratio by day 6 B0RMN9 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:5406 pcaH Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Brassica rapa (related: field mustard) 4-HBA degradation pathway components reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation J Wang 2015 B0RPP4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:3108 RavR Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Brassica oleracea (no common name found) bifunctional enzyme involved in c-di-GMP synthesis and degradation reduced virulence gene mutation: characterised; gene complementation J Tao 2014 B0XSF6 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 pulmonary aspergillosis PHI:9564 LeuA (AFUB_027020) Aspergillus fumigatus moths Galleria mellonella (related: Greater wax moth) 3-isopropylmalate dehydratase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation T Orasch 2019 Compared to lack of LeuA, lack of LeuC resulted in increased leucine dependence, a growth defect during iron starvation and decreased expression of LeuB-regulated genes including genes involved in iron acquisition. B1MD40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 pulmonary infection; cutaneo-mucous infection PHI:11365 Mab_3083c Mycobacteroides abscessus primates Homo sapiens (related: human) ribonuclease J unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation; gene complementation T Y Liu 2021 The mutant was found to have a lower aggregative ability and a higher sliding motility than the wild type strain. B1MGW0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 pulmonary infection; cutaneo-mucous infection PHI:9147 lsr2 (MAB_0545) Mycobacteroides abscessus bony fishes | eukaryotes | rodents Acanthamoeba castellanii (no common name found) | Danio rerio (related: zebrafish) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) small nucleoid-associated protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation V Le Moigne 2019 Lsr2 was required for intracellular survival of M. abscessus S/R forms in both macrophages and amoebae. | Virulence of the Lsr2 mutants was considerably diminished in cellular models (macrophage and amoeba) as well as in infected animals (mouse and zebrafish). B1MK78 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 pulmonary infection; cutaneo-mucous infection PHI:11678 mmpA (MMCCUG48898_0905) Mycobacteroides abscessus rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) outer membrane porin increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene deletion: full; gene complementation V C N de Moura 2021 Inactivation by allelic replacement of the each of the two Msp-type porin genes of M. abscessus subsp. massiliense CIP108297, mmpA and mmpB, led to a marked increase in the virulence and pathogenicity of both mutants in murine macrophages and infected mice. B1MK79 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 pulmonary infection; cutaneo-mucous infection PHI:11679 mmpB (MMCCUG48898_0906) Mycobacteroides abscessus rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) outer membrane porin increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene deletion: full; gene complementation V C N de Moura 2021 Inactivation by allelic replacement of the each of the two Msp-type porin genes of M. abscessus subsp. massiliense CIP108297, mmpA and mmpB, led to a marked increase in the virulence and pathogenicity of both mutants in murine macrophages and infected mice. B1MM63 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 pulmonary disease PHI:6456 MAB_4780 Mycobacteroides abscessus bony fishes Danio rerio (related: zebrafish) MaoC-like dehydratase loss of pathogenicity gene disruption; gene complementation I Halloum 2016 MAB_4780 is required for Mabs to successfully establish acute and lethal infections. B2FMX9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial bacterial infection PHI:5084 fur Stenotrophomonas maltophilia moths Galleria mellonella (related: greater wax moth) global regulator/ regulation of iron uptake increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene mutation C A García 2015 Fur mutants produced higher amounts of biofilms than K279a and CLSM analysis demonstrated improved adherence and biofilm organization. Under iron restricted conditions, K279a produced biofilms with more biomass and enhanced thickness. B2HGU8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:3732 mptC Mycobacterium marinum bony fishes Danio rerio (related: zebrafish) mannan core branching of lipo(arabino)mannan reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation E J M Stoop 2013 B2HHI1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 opportunistic infection PHI:3364 MMAR_1663 Mycobacterium marinum eukaryotes Acanthamoeba castellanii (no common name found) locus required for ESX-1 export reduced virulence gene mutation: characterised; gene complementation G M Kennedy 2014 B2HHI2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 opportunistic infection PHI:3365 MMAR_1664 Mycobacterium marinum eukaryotes Acanthamoeba castellanii (no common name found) locus required for ESX-1 export reduced virulence gene mutation: characterised; gene complementation G M Kennedy 2014 B2HHN7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 opportunistic infection PHI:6709 ptpA Mycobacterium marinum bony fishes Danio rerio (related: zebrafish) tyrosine phosphatase unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation S Levitte 2016 IFNg enhances macrophage killing through multiple mechanisms, and dead mycobacteria are trafficked to macrophage lysosomes independently of IFNg.larval hindbrain ventricle; larval caudal vein B2HK68 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 opportunistic infection PHI:6708 MarP Mycobacterium marinum bony fishes Danio rerio (related: zebrafish) membrane serine protease involved in acid tolerance reduced virulence gene mutation S Levitte 2016 IFNg enhances macrophage killing through multiple mechanisms, and dead mycobacteria are trafficked to macrophage lysosomes independently of IFNg.larval hindbrain ventricle; larval caudal vein B2HK79 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 opportunistic infection PHI:7189 whiB4 Mycobacterium marinum bony fishes Danio rerio (related: zebrafish) iron-sulfur containing transcription factor that is highly sensitive to oxygen exposure reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation J Wu 2017 Several antioxidant enzymes were also upregulated in ΔwhiB4, supporting its role in modulation of oxidative stress response. B2HLZ8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:2630 PPGK Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) polyphosphate glucokinase reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation J Marrero no comments B2HSW7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 granuloma PHI:3820 secA2 Mycobacterium marinum bony fishes Danio rerio (related: zebrafish) preprotein translocase ATPase reduced virulence gene deletion A D van der Woude 2013 Overexpression of PknG in the secA2 mutant restored its localization to the cell envelope. Importantly, PknG-overexpression also partially restored the virulence of the secA2 mutant, as indicated by enhanced infectivity in zebrafish embryos and restored inhibition of phagosomal maturation B2SHW2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial leaf blight PHI:9985 argH (PXO_00346) Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) argininosuccinate lyase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation T Li 2019 Limiting amino acid availability in rice leaves may restrict Xoo growth in planta. B2SI02 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial blight PHI:1139 raxQ Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) adenylylsulfate kinase protein required for Ax21 (synonym: AvrXa21) activity increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene disruption; gene complementation Shen et al. Test on Oryza sativa containing Xa21 gene. Mutant partially lost ax21 (synonym: avrxa21) activity. Required for wt AvrXa21 activity. Caution paper retraction of related Science paper Lee et al., 2009 due to strain mix up PHI:1146 B2SI03 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 bacterial blight PHI:1138 raxP (cysD) Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) sulfate adenylyltransferase (ATP) required for Ax21 activity increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene disruption; gene complementation Shen et al. Test on Oryza sativa containing Xa21 gene. Mutant partially lost ax21 (synonym: avrxa21) activity. Required for wt AvrXa21 activity. Caution paper retraction of related Science paper Lee et al., 2009 due to strain mix up PHI:1146 B2SL03 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial leaf blight PHI:9984 trpC (PXO_04004) Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation T Li 2019 Limiting amino acid availability in rice leaves may restrict Xoo growth in planta. B2SMI2 2.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 leaf blight PHI:124762 ClpX Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) ATP-dependent Clp protease reduced virulence gene deletion: full ; gene complementation Y Ni 2021 The reduced lesions formed on rice leaves that were inoculated with ΔClpX than the Zj173 and complementary. B2SNG5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial leaf blight PHI:9988 ilvC (PXO_02605) Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) ketol-acid reductoisomerase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation T Li 2019 Limiting amino acid availability in rice leaves may restrict Xoo growth in planta. B2SNH3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial leaf blight PHI:9980 leuD (PXO_02612) Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) 3-isopropylmalate dehydratase small subunit reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation T Li 2019 Limiting amino acid availability in rice leaves may restrict Xoo growth in planta. B2SNH4 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 bacterial leaf blight PHI:9981 leuC (PXO_02613) Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) 3-isopropylmalate dehydratase large subunit reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation T Li 2019 Limiting amino acid availability in rice leaves may restrict Xoo growth in planta. B2SNM9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial leaf blight PHI:4099 PXO_02715 Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) interacts with filp reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation F Yang 2014 B2ZRQ4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 northern corn leaf blight PHI:2802 3hnr Exserohilum turcicum monocots Zea mays (related: maize) 1,3,8 trihydroxynaphthalene reductase (3HNR) unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full C Xue no comments B3GXB6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 pleuropneumonia (pig) PHI:7075 pdxS Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) encodes the putative pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase subunit PdxS reduced virulence gene deletion: partial; gene complementation F Xie 2017 The reduced growth of the pdxS and pdxT deletion mutants under osmotic and oxidative stress conditions suggested that the PLP synthases PdxS/PdxT were associated with the stress tolerance of A. pleuropneumoniae. B4E599 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 cystic fibrosis PHI:3171 paaD Burkholderia cenocepacia nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) phenylacetic acid catabolism reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation T Pribytkova 2014 Deletion of gene cluster paaABCDE causes PAA-defective growth. B4E5A0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 cystic fibrosis | cystic fibrosis-like disease PHI:3525 | PHI:9578 paaC Burkholderia cenocepacia nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) phenylacetic acid catabolism | phenylacetic acid degradation protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full | gene deletion: full; gene complementation T J Lightly 2019 | T Pribytkova 2014 Deletion of gene cluster paaABCDE causes PAA-defective growth. | Removal of paaABCDE in the cepI mutant and cepR mutant did not impact its attenuated phenotype. | While loss of PaaABCDE decreased virulence, deletion of the paaK genes resulted in a more virulent phenotype than the wild type strain. B4E5A1 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 cystic fibrosis PHI:3170 paaB Burkholderia cenocepacia nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) phenylacetic acid catabolism reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation T Pribytkova 2014 Deletion of gene cluster paaABCDE causes PAA-defective growth. B4E5A2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 3.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 cystic fibrosis | cystic fibrosis-like disease PHI:3524 | PHI:9576 paaA Burkholderia cenocepacia nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) phenylacetic acid catabolism | phenylacetic acid degradation protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full | gene deletion: full; gene complementation T J Lightly 2019 | T Pribytkova 2014 Deletion of gene cluster paaABCDE causes PAA-defective growth. | Removal of paaABCDE in the cepI mutant and cepR mutant did not impact its attenuated phenotype. | While loss of PaaABCDE decreased virulence, deletion of the paaK genes resulted in a more virulent phenotype than the wild type strain. B4F053 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 urinary tract infection PHI:5238 RpoE Proteus mirabilis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) RNA polymerase sigma-E factor reduced virulence gene disruption; gene complementation M Liu 2014 Loss of the sigma factor E (RpoE), mediating extracytoplasmic stress responses, decreased fimbria expression, survival in macrophages, cell invasion, and colonization in mice but increased the interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression of urothelial cells and swarming motility. B5F7U8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:8862 LeuB Salmonella enterica rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase reduced virulence gene mutation C P Gwee 2019 The survival rate for wild-type (WT) infected mice is 33.33%, 83.33% for BD, 50% for LD and 83.33% for BDLA. B5XQD2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 pneumonia PHI:124344 ihfA Klebsiella pneumoniae primates Homo sapiens (related: human) integration host factor reduced virulence gene deletion: full ; gene complementation Z Fan 2023 Compared to wild-type strain W14, ihfA deletion exhibited decreased cytotoxicity. B5XY84 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 pneumonia PHI:124345 ihfB Klebsiella pneumoniae primates Homo sapiens (related: human) integration host factor reduced virulence gene deletion: full ; gene complementation Z Fan 2023 Compared to wild-type strain W14, ihfB deletion exhibited decreased cytotoxicity. B7I9N8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:11769 csrA Acinetobacter baumannii primates Homo sapiens (related: human) translational regulator reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation J J Hubloher 2021 CsrA was essential for growth in human urine and at high temperatures. B7VKI8 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 PHI:5275 copA Vibrio tasmaniensis bivalves Crassostrea gigas (related: pacific oyster) copper homeostasis reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation A S Vanhove 2015 B8F4W8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Glasser's disease PHI:3317 hsdR Glaesserella parasuis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) involved in pathogenicity reduced virulence other evidence J Yu 2014 Pathogen formerly called Haemophilus parasuis B8K2M4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:10957 phoP Stenotrophomonas maltophilia nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) two-component regulatory system-DNA-binding response regulator reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation H F Lu 2020 KJΔPhoPQ totally lost swimming motility, had enhanced secreted protease activity, increased susceptibility to antibiotics, menadione, H2O2, SDS, and 2,2'dipyridyl, as well as attenuated virulence to C. elegans. C0LEX7 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial fruit blotch PHI:124285 pilA Paracidovorax citrulli eudicots Citrullus lanatus (related: wild melon) | Cucumis melo (related: muskmelon) type IV pili reduced virulence gene deletion: full ; gene complementation Y Yang 2023 pilA deletion mutants (Aac5-ΔpilA) and (pslb65-ΔpilA) showed significantly reduced pathogenicity compared with the wild-type (WT) strains. C0RKI1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 brucellosis PHI:11559 B0249 Brucella melitensis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) lipase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation X Yan 2020 Loss of Tat significantly attenuated B. melitensis infection in murine macrophages ex vivo and was required for full virulence of B. melitensis M28 in mouse model for persistent infection. C0RKI3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 brucellosis PHI:11549 B0251 Brucella melitensis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) nitrite reductase, copper-containing unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation X Yan 2020 Loss of Tat significantly attenuated B. melitensis infection in murine macrophages ex vivo and was required for full virulence of B. melitensis M28 in mouse model for persistent infection. C4YN44 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 disseminated candidiasis PHI:4903 Fdh3 Candida albicans moths | rodents Galleria mellonella (related: greater wax moth) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) glutathione recycling enzymes/ S-nitrosoglutathione reductase reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene disruption; gene complementation A T Tillmann 2015 GLR1 deletion increases the sensitivity ofC.albicanscells to H2O2, but not to formaldehyde or NO. FDH3 inactivation delays NO adaptation and increases NO sensitivity. C5ACN1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 panicle blight PHI:4249 aroA Burkholderia glumae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase reduced virulence gene mutation H S KARKI 2014 The growth defect of the aroA and aroB mutants was restored in M9 medium supplemented with the three aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine). C5AF80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial panicle blight (rice) PHI:123186 GluR (BGLU_1G13360) Burkholderia glumae eudicots | monocots Nicotiana benthamiana (no common name found) | Oryza sativa (related: rice) osmolarity response regulator loss of pathogenicity | reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation J Marunga 20222022 The gluR mutant failed to induce hypersensitive response in tobacco plant. | The gluR mutant showed significantly reduced disease symptoms in rice plant with an index of 0.34 ± 0.15 compared to wild- type BGR1 with a disease index of 1.0 ± 0.52. C5AF95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial panicle blight (rice) PHI:123187 Lon Burkholderia glumae eudicots | monocots Nicotiana benthamiana (no common name found) | Oryza sativa (related: rice) Lon protease loss of pathogenicity gene mutation; gene complementation J Marunga 20222022 The GluR/Lon double mutant failed to induce hypersensitive response in tobacco plant. | The Lon mutant exhibited no disease symptoms in rice stems. | The Lon mutant failed to induce hypersensitive response in tobacco plant. C5AFJ6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial panicle blight (rice) PHI:8674 hfq1 (bglu_1g14550) Burkholderia glumae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) RNA-binding protein Hfq reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation J Kim 2018 The hfq1 gene showed more influence on bacterial motility and toxoflavin production than the hfq2 gene. C5AGX2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial panicle blight (rice) PHI:8675 hfq2 (bglu_1g19700) Burkholderia glumae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) RNA-binding protein Hfq reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation J Kim 2018 The hfq1 gene showed more influence on bacterial motility and toxoflavin production than the hfq2 gene. C5BAT0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 enteric septicemia PHI:2961 gcvP Edwardsiella ictaluri bony fishes Ictalurus punctatus (related: channel catfish) glycine dehydrogenase reduced virulence gene deletion: partial N Dahal 2013 no comments C5BEV2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 enteric septicemia PHI:2962 glyA Edwardsiella ictaluri bony fishes Ictalurus punctatus (related: channel catfish) serine hydroxymethyltransferase reduced virulence gene deletion: partial N Dahal 2013 no comments C6DC70 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 soft rot PHI:10595 clpB Pectobacterium carotovorum eudicots Brassica rapa (related: field mustard) | Nicotiana tabacum (related: common tobacco) chaperone protein unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation J Fan 2020 The maceration caused by PccS1 was mainly due to the depression of plant callose deposition for resistance by the related bacterial genes and the superlytic ability of pectinolytic enzymes produced in PccS1, rather than the promotion of plant cell death elicited by the T3SS. C6DDF7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 soft rot PHI:10574 rpoS Pectobacterium carotovorum monocots Zantedeschia aethiopica (related: arum-lily) RNA polymerase sigma factor unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation J Fan 2020 The maceration caused by PccS1 was mainly due to the depression of plant callose deposition for resistance by the related bacterial genes and the superlytic ability of pectinolytic enzymes produced in PccS1, rather than the promotion of plant cell death elicited by the T3SS. D0Z9U0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 hemorrhagic septicemia PHI:3074 hupA Edwardsiella tarda bony fishes Danio rerio (related: zebrafish) nucleoid-associated protein, is a basic DNA-binding protein involved in gene regulation reduced virulence gene mutation: characterised; gene complementation L Wang 2014 Delta hupA mutant was found to be defective in cell growth, H2S production, acid adaptation. D0ZCA6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 hemorrhagic septicemia PHI:6210 Fur Edwardsiella tarda bony fishes Scophthalmus maximus (related: Turbot) transcriptional regulator/ ferric uptake regulator reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation Y Hu 2016 Compared to the wild type TX01, thefurmutant TX01deltafurexhibited (i) retarded growth, (ii) enhanced siderophore production, (iii) increased acid tolerance, which is in contrast to observations in other bacterial species, (iv) decreased survival against oxidative stress and host serum, (v) impaired ability to inhibit host immune response, (vi) attenuated tissue infectivity and overall virulence. D2TI55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 colitis PHI:9334 map Citrobacter rodentium rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) effector protein effector (plant avirulence determinant) gene mutation X Xia 2019 Chromosomal deletion of other known TJ-damaging effector genes espG and map failed to impede CR virulence in Il22-/mice. D2TR63 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:10536 artP Citrobacter rodentium rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) arginine ABC transporter, ATP-binding protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation Z Menezes-Garcia 2020 The ΔartP strain of DBS770 did not colonize the murine intestine, and consequently, mice infected with this mutant survived infection. D2UCV3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 leaf scald PHI:123626 pyrG Xanthomonas albilineans monocots Saccharum officinarum (related: sugarcane) CTP synthase unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene mutation: characterised M Li 2022 The single-base SNPs mutations in the gene pyrG of FS12 strain did not alter their virulence. D2UDM3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 leaf scald PHI:123627 folP Xanthomonas albilineans monocots Saccharum officinarum (related: sugarcane) dihydropteroate synthase unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene mutation: characterised M Li 2022 The single-base SNPs mutations in the gene folP of FS12 strain did not alter their virulence. D4GNZ9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 center rot (onion) PHI:9566 hfq (PANA_RS17940) Pantoea ananatis monocots Allium cepa (related: onion) RNA-binding protein loss of pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation G Y Shin 2019 Inactivation of the hfq gene in P. ananatis LMG 2665T resulted in a significant reduction of quorum sensing signal molecule acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) production and biofilm formation. D4HUF7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 fire blight PHI:9314 metB Erwinia amylovora eudicots Malus domestica (related: apple) cystathionine gamma-synthase reduced virulence gene mutation S M Klee 2019 On detached apple fruitlets, mutants defective in arginine, guanine, hexosamine, isoleucine/valine, leucine, lysine, proline, purine, pyrimidine, sorbitol, threonine, tryptophan, and glucose metabolism had reduced virulence compared to wild-type, while mutants defective in asparagine, cysteine, glutamic acid, histidine, and serine biosynthesis were as virulent as the wild-type. D4HUG4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 fire blight PHI:9316 argG Erwinia amylovora eudicots Malus domestica (related: apple) argininosuccinate synthase reduced virulence gene mutation S M Klee 2019 On detached apple fruitlets, mutants defective in arginine, guanine, hexosamine, isoleucine/valine, leucine, lysine, proline, purine, pyrimidine, sorbitol, threonine, tryptophan, and glucose metabolism had reduced virulence compared to wild-type, while mutants defective in asparagine, cysteine, glutamic acid, histidine, and serine biosynthesis were as virulent as the wild-type. D4HW09 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 fire blight PHI:7254 KatG Erwinia amylovora eudicots Pyrus communis (related: Pear) bifunctional catalase/peroxidase reduced virulence gene mutation | gene mutation; gene complementation R D Santander 2017 Catalases KatA and KatG are virulence factors in E. amylovora, with KatG playing a major role during host-pathogen interactions. D4HX24 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 fire blight PHI:3336 rpoS Erwinia amylovora eudicots Eriobotrya japonica (related: loquat) | Pyrus communis (related: pear) regulation of stress and starvation response reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene disruption; gene complementation R D Santander 2014 sigma factor RpoS regulates starvation and other stress responses | sigma factor RpoS regulates starvation and other stress responses. NCBI merged 'Eriobotrya japonica' Taxid '32224' into 'Rhaphiolepis bibas' Taxid '2843217', change made for PHI4.12 release. For PHI4.17 changed back to 'Eriobotrya japonica' Taxid '32224' following NCBI update. D4HX67 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 fire blight PHI:7161 csrA Erwinia amylovora eudicots Pyrus communis (related: Pear) RNA-binding protein loss of pathogenicity | reduced virulence gene mutation J H Lee 2017 Lon suppressed expression of genes required for T3SS and amylovoran in E. amylovora, but was not indispensable for its virulence. D4HXG4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 fire blight PHI:9317 purF Erwinia amylovora eudicots Malus domestica (related: apple) amidophosphoribosyltransferase reduced virulence gene mutation S M Klee 2019 On detached apple fruitlets, mutants defective in arginine, guanine, hexosamine, isoleucine/valine, leucine, lysine, proline, purine, pyrimidine, sorbitol, threonine, tryptophan, and glucose metabolism had reduced virulence compared to wild-type, while mutants defective in asparagine, cysteine, glutamic acid, histidine, and serine biosynthesis were as virulent as the wild-type. D4HY24 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 fire blight PHI:7160 lon Erwinia amylovora eudicots Pyrus communis (related: Pear) protease increased virulence (hypervirulence) | loss of pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation | gene mutation J H Lee 2017 Lon suppressed expression of genes required for T3SS and amylovoran in E. amylovora, but was not indispensable for its virulence. D4HYB2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 fire blight PHI:9306 guaB Erwinia amylovora eudicots Malus domestica (related: apple) inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase reduced virulence gene mutation S M Klee 2019 On detached apple fruitlets, mutants defective in arginine, guanine, hexosamine, isoleucine/valine, leucine, lysine, proline, purine, pyrimidine, sorbitol, threonine, tryptophan, and glucose metabolism had reduced virulence compared to wild-type, while mutants defective in asparagine, cysteine, glutamic acid, histidine, and serine biosynthesis were as virulent as the wild-type. D4HYF4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 fire blight PHI:9320 purL Erwinia amylovora eudicots Malus domestica (related: apple) phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase reduced virulence gene mutation S M Klee 2019 On detached apple fruitlets, mutants defective in arginine, guanine, hexosamine, isoleucine/valine, leucine, lysine, proline, purine, pyrimidine, sorbitol, threonine, tryptophan, and glucose metabolism had reduced virulence compared to wild-type, while mutants defective in asparagine, cysteine, glutamic acid, histidine, and serine biosynthesis were as virulent as the wild-type. D4I012 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 fire blight PHI:9319 leuB Erwinia amylovora eudicots Malus domestica (related: apple) | Nicotiana tabacum (related: common tobacco) 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase reduced virulence gene mutation S M Klee 2019 On detached apple fruitlets, mutants defective in arginine, guanine, hexosamine, isoleucine/valine, leucine, lysine, proline, purine, pyrimidine, sorbitol, threonine, tryptophan, and glucose metabolism had reduced virulence compared to wild-type, while mutants defective in asparagine, cysteine, glutamic acid, histidine, and serine biosynthesis were as virulent as the wild-type. D4I013 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 fire blight PHI:9329 leuC Erwinia amylovora eudicots Nicotiana tabacum (related: common tobacco) 3-isopropylmalate dehydratase large subunit reduced virulence gene mutation S M Klee 2019 On detached apple fruitlets, mutants defective in arginine, guanine, hexosamine, isoleucine/valine, leucine, lysine, proline, purine, pyrimidine, sorbitol, threonine, tryptophan, and glucose metabolism had reduced virulence compared to wild-type, while mutants defective in asparagine, cysteine, glutamic acid, histidine, and serine biosynthesis were as virulent as the wild-type. D4I0H1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 fire blight PHI:9328 carA Erwinia amylovora eudicots Nicotiana tabacum (related: common tobacco) carbamoyl-phosphate synthase small chain reduced virulence gene mutation S M Klee 2019 On detached apple fruitlets, mutants defective in arginine, guanine, hexosamine, isoleucine/valine, leucine, lysine, proline, purine, pyrimidine, sorbitol, threonine, tryptophan, and glucose metabolism had reduced virulence compared to wild-type, while mutants defective in asparagine, cysteine, glutamic acid, histidine, and serine biosynthesis were as virulent as the wild-type. D4I0W8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 fire blight PHI:9307 pyrC Erwinia amylovora eudicots Malus domestica (related: apple) dihydroorotase reduced virulence gene mutation S M Klee 2019 On detached apple fruitlets, mutants defective in arginine, guanine, hexosamine, isoleucine/valine, leucine, lysine, proline, purine, pyrimidine, sorbitol, threonine, tryptophan, and glucose metabolism had reduced virulence compared to wild-type, while mutants defective in asparagine, cysteine, glutamic acid, histidine, and serine biosynthesis were as virulent as the wild-type. D4I2T0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 fire blight PHI:9310 pgi Erwinia amylovora eudicots Malus domestica (related: apple) glucose-6-phosphate isomerase reduced virulence gene mutation S M Klee 2019 On detached apple fruitlets, mutants defective in arginine, guanine, hexosamine, isoleucine/valine, leucine, lysine, proline, purine, pyrimidine, sorbitol, threonine, tryptophan, and glucose metabolism had reduced virulence compared to wild-type, while mutants defective in asparagine, cysteine, glutamic acid, histidine, and serine biosynthesis were as virulent as the wild-type. D4I4L2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 fire blight PHI:9308 glmS Erwinia amylovora eudicots Malus domestica (related: apple) glucosamine-fructose-6-phosphateaminotransferase reduced virulence gene mutation S M Klee 2019 On detached apple fruitlets, mutants defective in arginine, guanine, hexosamine, isoleucine/valine, leucine, lysine, proline, purine, pyrimidine, sorbitol, threonine, tryptophan, and glucose metabolism had reduced virulence compared to wild-type, while mutants defective in asparagine, cysteine, glutamic acid, histidine, and serine biosynthesis were as virulent as the wild-type. D4III8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 smut (corn) PHI:2227 pao Ustilago maydis monocots Zea mays (related: maize) polyamine oxidase loss of pathogenicity | reduced virulence gene deletion: full | gene deletion: full; gene complementation Laura Valdes-Santiago no comments D5KLB3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 leaf spot (sugar beet) PHI:5475 CbAvr4 Cercospora beticola eudicots Nicotiana benthamiana (no common name found) effector effector (plant avirulence determinant) gene mutation C H Mesarich 2016 A single region common to CfAvr4 and DsAvr4 was determined to carry a conserved proline residue necessary for the elicitation of this HR. In support of this result, a Cf-4-dependent HR was triggered by mutant CaAvr4 and CbAvr4 proteins carrying an arginine-to-proline substitution at this position. D5KLB5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 leaf spot (celery) PHI:5474 CaAvr4 Cercospora apii eudicots Nicotiana benthamiana (no common name found) effector effector (plant avirulence determinant) gene mutation C H Mesarich 2016 A single region common to CfAvr4 and DsAvr4 was determined to carry a conserved proline residue necessary for the elicitation of this HR. In support of this result, a Cf-4-dependent HR was triggered by mutant CaAvr4 and CbAvr4 proteins carrying an arginine-to-proline substitution at this position. E0SB00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 soft rot PHI:8580 purL (Dda3937_03379) Dickeya dadantii eudicots Cichorium intybus (related: chicory) phosphoribosylformyl-glycineamide synthetase reduced virulence gene deletion: full K Royet 2018 The wild type strain overgrew the other in frame deletion mutants that were tested and the lowest competitive indexes were observed with the mutants in biosynthetic pathways such as ΔleuA, ΔguaB, ΔpurL, ΔlysA. E0SGC8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 soft rot PHI:8570 metB (Dda3937_03888) Dickeya dadantii eudicots Cichorium intybus (related: chicory) cystathionine gamma-synthase reduced virulence gene deletion: full K Royet 2018 The wild type strain overgrew the other in frame deletion mutants that were tested and the lowest competitive indexes were observed with the mutants in biosynthetic pathways such as ΔleuA, ΔguaB, ΔpurL, ΔlysA. E0SH08 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 soft rot PHI:8577 carA (Dda3937_01390) Dickeya dadantii eudicots Cichorium intybus (related: chicory) carbamoyl-phosphate synthase small subunit reduced virulence gene deletion: full K Royet 2018 The wild type strain overgrew the other in frame deletion mutants that were tested and the lowest competitive indexes were observed with the mutants in biosynthetic pathways such as ΔleuA, ΔguaB, ΔpurL, ΔlysA. E0SH71 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 soft rot PHI:11738 hfq Dickeya dadantii eudicots Cichorium intybus (related: chicory) RNA-binding protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation S Leonard 2021 The hfq mutant failed to cause soft rot on chicory leaves. E0SJT3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 soft rot PHI:8656 ompR Dickeya dadantii eudicots Cichorium intybus (related: chicory) | Solanum tuberosum (related: potato) DNA-binding response regulator in two-component regulatory system reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation M Caby 2018 Inactivation of the EnvZ/OmpR system in an OPG-defective mutant restoreed full synthesis of pectinase but only partial virulence. E0SL85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 soft rot PHI:8573 purF (Dda3937_02099) Dickeya dadantii eudicots Cichorium intybus (related: chicory) amidophosphoribosyl transferase reduced virulence gene deletion: full K Royet 2018 The wild type strain overgrew the other in frame deletion mutants that were tested and the lowest competitive indexes were observed with the mutants in biosynthetic pathways such as ΔleuA, ΔguaB, ΔpurL, ΔlysA. E0SLM3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 soft rot PHI:8576 pyrE (Dda3937_03258) Dickeya dadantii eudicots Cichorium intybus (related: chicory) orotate phosphoribosyl transferase reduced virulence gene deletion: full K Royet 2018 The wild type strain overgrew the other in frame deletion mutants that were tested and the lowest competitive indexes were observed with the mutants in biosynthetic pathways such as ΔleuA, ΔguaB, ΔpurL, ΔlysA. E0SMW8 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 soft rot PHI:8568 clpS Dickeya dadantii eudicots Cichorium intybus (related: chicory) ATP-dependent Clp protease adapter protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full K Royet 2018 The wild type strain overgrew the other in frame deletion mutants that were tested and the lowest competitive indexes were observed with the mutants in biosynthetic pathways such as ΔleuA, ΔguaB, ΔpurL, ΔlysA. E0SMW9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 soft rot PHI:8569 clpA (Dda3937_02363) Dickeya dadantii eudicots Cichorium intybus (related: chicory) ATP-dependent Clp protease ATP-binding subunit reduced virulence gene deletion: full K Royet 2018 The wild type strain overgrew the other in frame deletion mutants that were tested and the lowest competitive indexes were observed with the mutants in biosynthetic pathways such as ΔleuA, ΔguaB, ΔpurL, ΔlysA. E0SN64 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 soft rot PHI:8579 guaB (Dda3937_00004) Dickeya dadantii eudicots Cichorium intybus (related: chicory) IMP dehydrogenase reduced virulence gene deletion: full K Royet 2018 The wild type strain overgrew the other in frame deletion mutants that were tested and the lowest competitive indexes were observed with the mutants in biosynthetic pathways such as ΔleuA, ΔguaB, ΔpurL, ΔlysA. E2J5T5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial leaf blight PHI:2489 rsmAXoo Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) RNA-binding protein loss of pathogenicity gene mutation: characterised; gene complementation Pei-Liang Zhu no comments E3PJ90 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 urinary tract infection PHI:7003 YghJ Escherichia coli rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) secreted metalloprotease and surface associated lipoprotein unaffected pathogenicity functional test in host: direct injection R Tapader 2017 YghJ causes substantial tissue hemorrhage in mouse ileum. E3Q4H7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 stalk rot (maize); leaf blight (maize) PHI:124252 URE1(GLRG_00633.1) Colletotrichum graminicola monocots Zea mays (related: maize) urease reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation E H Benatto Perino 2020 Ure1 deletion strain showed virulence defects. E3QFA7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 stalk rot (maize); leaf blight (maize) PHI:10749 CLU5d (GLRG_04689) Colletotrichum graminicola monocots Zea mays (related: maize) pathogenicity cluster 5 protein d reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation I Eisermann 2019 Targeted deletion of all genes of CLU5 revealed that CLU5a and CLU5d were required for full appressorial penetration competence, with virulence deficiencies. E3QJS8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 stalk rot (maize); leaf blight (maize) PHI:5302 Str1 Colletotrichum graminicola monocots Zea mays (related: maize) striatin reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation C Wang 2015 E7PT28 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 knot (olive) PHI:11941 algU (VTO41) Pseudomonas savastanoi eudicots Glycine max (related: soybean) RNA polymerase sigma factor reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation V T Nguyen 2021 Inoculation of soybean leaves with these mutants and the algU mutant showed significantly reduced virulence together with reduced bacterial populations in planta. E8XEV4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 food poisoning PHI:3723 RNase E Salmonella enterica moths Galleria mellonella (related: greater wax moth) endoribonucleases reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation S C Viegas 2013 E9ESD4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 fungal infection PHI:10265 Mras4 (MAA_02880) Metarhizium robertsii moths Galleria mellonella (related: greater wax moth) uncharacterized protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full W Huang 2019 Insect bioassays revealed that the virulence of most null mutants were significantly impaired during topical infection but not during injection of insects. E9ESW5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 PHI:11492 ilvC (MAA_ 03009) Metarhizium robertsii moths Galleria mellonella (related: Greater wax moth) ketol-acid reductoisomerase, mitochondrial reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation F Luo 2020 Germination defect caused complete failures of conidial penetration and pathogenicity in the ΔMrilvC mutant. E9EUQ4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 PHI:10530 MrMao-1 (MAA_03753) Metarhizium robertsii aphids | beetles | grasshoppers | mosquitos | moths | roaches Acyrthosiphon pisum (related: pea aphid) | Aedes aegypti (related: yellow fever mosquito) | Bombyx mori (related: domestic silkworm) | Locusta migratoria (related: migratory locust) | Periplaneta americana (related: American cockroach) | Tenebrio molitor (related: yellow mealworm) monoamine oxidase-1 increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene deletion: full X Tong 2020 Tryptamine activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor of locusts (LmAhR) that produced damaging effects by regulating reactive oxygen species production and suppressing the immune system of locusts. E9F082 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 PHI:2323 mhk1 Metarhizium robertsii beetles Tenebrio molitor (related: yellow mealworm) group III histidine kinase reduced virulence gene disruption; gene complementation Gang Zhou Increased tolerance to H2O2, decreased tolerance to menadione, increased tolerance to hyper-osmolarity, increased conidial thermotolerance E9F5A9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 PHI:9533 urease (MAA_07458) Metarhizium robertsii beetles | monocots | moths Galleria mellonella (related: Greater wax moth) | Hordeum vulgare (related: Barley) | Tenebrio molitor (related: yellow mealworm) urease unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation S Moonjely 2019 The enhanced rhizoplane colonization of ?Mep2 and ?MepC and insect derived nitrogen transfer to plant hosts suggested the role of MepC and Mep2 in Metarhizium-plant symbiosis. E9R863 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 invasive pulmonary aspergillosis PHI:5267 UgeB Aspergillus nidulans rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) epimerase increased virulence (hypervirulence) altered gene expression / gene regulation: overexpression M J Lee 2015 Increasing the GalNAc content of GAG of the minimally pathogenic A.nidulans, either through overexpression of the A. nidulans epimerase UgeB or by heterologous expression of the A.fumigatus epimerase Uge3 increased the amount of cell wall bound GAG, augmented adherencein vitro and enhanced virulence in corticosteroid-treated mice to levels similar to A.fumigatus. F0Q0G4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 rice bacterial brown stripe PHI:125249 clpB (Acav_1267) Acidovorax avenae monocot Oryza sativa (related: rice) type VI secretion system reduced virulence gene deletion: full ; gene complementation M M I Masum 2017 Mutants-ΔpppA, ΔclpB, Δhcp, ΔimpJ, ΔdotU, ΔicmF and ΔimpM-caused the greatest (p < 0.01) reduction in bacterial virulence compared to Aaa wild-type RS-2 strain. F0Q6A0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial brown stripe PHI:125059 PilU (Acav_0605) Acidovorax oryzae monocot Oryza sativa (related: rice) type IV secretion system gene unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full S O Ogunyemi 2019 No significant (P > 0.05) difference in the pathogenicity is observed between the wild-type and the mutants ΔpilB, ΔpilU, ΔpilW, ΔpilZ1 and ΔpilZ2, which had a plant height of 2.60–3.03 cm. F0Q6A2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial brown stripe PHI:125055 PilT (Acav_0607) Acidovorax oryzae monocot Oryza sativa (related: rice) type IV secretion system gene reduced virulence gene deletion: full ; gene complementation S O Ogunyemi 2019 When compared to the wild type strain, treatments with the 4 mutants ΔpilT, ΔpilM, ΔpilQ, and ΔpilZ3 caused a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in bacterial virulence. F0QAG0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial brown stripe PHI:125057 PilQ (Acav_0971) Acidovorax oryzae monocot Oryza sativa (related: rice) type IV secretion system gene reduced virulence gene deletion: full ; gene complementation S O Ogunyemi 2019 When compared to the wild type strain, treatments with the 4 mutants ΔpilT, ΔpilM, ΔpilQ, and ΔpilZ3 caused a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in bacterial virulence. F0QCL1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial brown stripe PHI:125061 PilB (Acav_3595) Acidovorax oryzae monocot Oryza sativa (related: rice) type IV secretion system gene unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full S O Ogunyemi 2019 No significant (P > 0.05) difference in the pathogenicity is observed between the wild-type and the mutants ΔpilB, ΔpilU, ΔpilW, ΔpilZ1 and ΔpilZ2, which had a plant height of 2.60–3.03 cm. F3GTC1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial speck (tomato) PHI:7032 algU Pseudomonas syringae eudicots Solanum lycopersicum (related: Tomato) extracytoplasmic function(ECF) sigma factor reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation E Markel 2016 Leaves infected with the algU mucAB mutant showed reduced chlorosis and fewer necrotic spots and this mutant grew to a lower density in leaves. F4N4J3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 yersiniosis PHI:124123 tldD Yersinia enterocolitica moths Galleria mellonella (related: greater wax moth) regulatory factor unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full ; gene complementation P A Sänger 2023 mutant showed no significant attenuation relative to W22703. F7IY49 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 wildfire disease PHI:2443 PilA Pseudomonas syringae eudicots Nicotiana tabacum (related: common tobacco) bacterial biofilm formation, surface motility and virulence reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation Linh Chi Nguyen no comments F7UA14 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 tumor PHI:10271 hfq Agrobacterium tumefaciens eudicots Arabidopsis thaliana (related: thale cress) | Solanum tuberosum (related: potato) RNA-binding protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full P Moller 2019 Deletion of ybeY alone resulted in a less pronounced growth defect and the ΔhfqΔybeY double mutant exhibited the most severe growth defect, which could be rescued by ectopically expressed hfq or ybeY from A. tumefaciens. F9WWR1 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Septoria tritici blotch PHI:4966 sdi1 Zymoseptoria tritici monocots Triticum aestivum (related: bread wheat) succinate dehydrogenase unaffected pathogenicity gene disruption S Kilaru 2015 G1XLM6 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 PHI:6901 AoHex1 Orbilia oligospora nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) virulence related main protein component of woronin body reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation L Liang 2017 Woronin body plays an important role in growth, conidiation, anti-stress, trap formation, and virulence against nematodes in A. oligospora. Species name 'Arthrobotrys oligospora' and Taxid '13349' merged into 'Orbilia oligospora' Taxid '2813651' by NCBI on Feb 19 2021. G1XLT2 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nematode trapping fungus PHI:4021 AoMls Orbilia oligospora nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) malate synthase reduced virulence gene deletion: full X Zhao 2013 growth s of deltaAoMls mutants were much slower than wild-type strains on liquid MM containing either sodium acetate or sodium oleate as the carbon source. Species name 'Arthrobotrys oligospora' and Taxid '13349' merged into 'Orbilia oligospora' Taxid '2813651' by NCBI on Feb 19 2021. G2XC60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 vascular wilt PHI:123823 VDAG_07742 Verticillium dahliae eudicots Solanum tuberosum (related: potato) hypothetical protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation D Wang 2023 The knockout and complementation mutant revealed that the gene was not involved in mycelial growth, conidial production, or germination; the penetration ability and pathogenicity of VDAG_07742 deletion mutants were significantly reduced. G2XG41 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 vascular wilt PHI:123511 VdNeo1 (VDAG_09020) Verticillium dahliae eudicots Gossypium hirsutum (related: cotton) UTH1 protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full H Ren 2022 Loss of function of VdNeo1 significantly decreased the pathogenicity of the pathogen in cotton. G2XGN6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 vascular wilt PHI:124940 SAH3 (VDAG_09318) Verticillium dahliae eudicot Gossypium hirsutum (related: cotton) salicylate hydroxylase increased virulence (hypervirulence) | reduced virulence altered gene expression / gene regulation: overexpression | gene deletion: full ; gene complementation X Luo 2020 Deletion of the VdSAH3 led to the decrease of pathogenicity compared to complemented strain and wild type. | Overexpression of the VdSAH3 led to the increase of pathogenicity compared to complemented strain and wild type. G3XCU6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:8764 cysB Pseudomonas aeruginosa rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) LysR-type transcriptional regulator reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation Y Song 2019 Deletion of cysB reduced T3SS gene expression and swarming motility but enhanced biofilm formation. G4MTG9 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 blast | blast (rice) PHI:8734 | PHI:9355 MoLeu1 (MGG_01553) | leu1 (MGG_01553) Magnaporthe oryzae monocots Hordeum vulgare (related: barley) | Oryza sativa (related: rice) 3-isopropylmalate dehydratase loss of pathogenicity | reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation W Tang 2018 | Y Que 2019 Targeted gene deletion mutants of LEU1, LEU2A or LEU4 were leucine auxotrophs, and severely defective in pathogenicity. | Targeted gene deletion of MoLEU1 led to leucine auxotrophy, and phenotypic analysis of the generated ΔMoleu1 strain revealed that MoLeu1-mediated leucine biosynthesis was required for vegetative growth, asexual development and pathogenesis of M.oryzae. G4MY14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 blast (rice) PHI:7734 CYP1 Magnaporthe oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) cyclophilin reduced virulence gene mutation K Singh 2017 The new strain ΔCyp1+ overexpressing PbCYP3 showed increased virulence on rice compared to the ΔCyp1 strain. G4MY43 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 blast (rice) | rice blast PHI:12179 | PHI:124934 MoFHB1 (MGG 01268) | Nsr1 (MGG_01268) Magnaporthe oryzae monocot | monocots Hordeum vulgare (related: barley) | Oryza sativa (related: rice) flavohemoglobin | nucleolin reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full ; gene complementation | gene deletion: full; gene complementation Z Zhang 2022 | Z Zhang 2024 MoNsr1 deletion mutant showed reduced fungal growth, asexual sporulation, and pathogenicity compared to the wild-type. | Pathogenicity defects of the Δmosfa1Δmofhb1 mutant were due to the loss of MoSFA1, while MoFHB1 was not a critical virulence factor. G4N3X3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 rice blast PHI:124418 ABC-R1 (MGG_05044) Magnaporthe oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) ABCC-type transporter reduced virulence gene deletion: full ; gene complementation P Hu 2023 Disease lesions caused by the abc-r1 were smaller compared to the wild-type strain YN226. G4N4K3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 rice blast PHI:124449 PDX1 (MGG_05980) Magnaporthe oryzae monocots Hordeum vulgare (related: barley) | Oryza sativa (related: rice) pyridoxine biosynthesis protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full L Yang 2023 Exogenous addition of commercial VB6 could also rescue the pathogenicity defect of the two ΔMopdx1 mutants on barely leaves. | The two MoPDX1 deletion mutants presented the most restricted lessons and bits of typical lesions of rice blast compared to that caused by Guy11 and complementary strains. G4N4N6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 blast (rice) PHI:4616 MoSFA1 Magnaporthe oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation Z Zhang 2015 MoSFA1deletion mutants displayed hypersensitivity to different oxidants, reduced activities of superoxide dismutases and peroxidases, and lower glutathione content in cells, compared with the wild type. G4NIU3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 blast (rice) PHI:789 MGG_04116 Magnaporthe oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) hypothetical protein reduced virulence gene disruption Jeon G5EH08 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 blast (rice) PHI:2405 MoSSK1 Magnaporthe oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) response regulator reduced virulence gene disruption Takayuki Motoyama Disrupted Mossk1 strain had increased sensitivity to high osmolarity and decreased sensitivity to fludioxonil. G5EI55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 blast (rice) PHI:2154 RBP35 Magnaporthe oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) polyadenylation factor; mRNA processing reduced virulence gene deletion: full Marina Franceschetti no comments G7TB42 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial leaf streak PHI:9586 XOC_3249 Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) membrane protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation Y Fang 2019 The XOC_1643, XOC_3249 and XOC_2868 mutants clearly displayed a greater sensitivity to H2O2 than did the BLS256 wild-type, however, the XOC_1946 mutant showed a greater resistance to H2O2. G7TE30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial blight (rice) PHI:7790 HisB Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) bifunctional enzyme implicated in the imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase activity reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation P Su 2017 The his operon in Xoc was not involved in hypersensitive response in non-host tobacco plants. G7TGB4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 leaf blight PHI:4840 hshA Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) DSF-controlled virulence-associated genes reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation Z Song 2015 G7TM49 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial blight (rice) PHI:7791 AroE (XOC_4333) Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) shikimate 5-dehydrogenase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation P Su 2017 The his operon in Xoc was not involved in hypersensitive response in non-host tobacco plants. G8CP73 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:10215 pumA Pseudomonas aeruginosa nematodes | rodents Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) putative addiction module killer protein increased virulence (hypervirulence) | unaffected pathogenicity altered gene expression / gene regulation: overexpression K C Hernandez-Ramirez 2017 PumAB genes encoded a Toxin-Antitoxin system where the PumB protein countered the toxic effects of the PumA toxin. G8CVG9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 vibriosis PHI:124293 Hfq Vibrio alginolyticus bivalves Azumapecten farreri (related: Farrer's scallop) RNA-binding protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full J Ma 2023 LD50 value of the mutant strain was 2.372 × 104 CFU/mL, while the LD50 value of the wild-type strain was 1.567 × 103 CFU/ mL. H3RGK7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Stewart's wilt; leaf blight (maize) PHI:12253 iscR Pantoea stewartii monocots Zea mays (related: maize) Fe-S cluster assembly transcriptional regulator unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation H P Bartholomew 2022 Single infections of each deletion strain into the xylem of corn seedlings determined that Lrp played a significant role in P. stewartii virulence. H7C7L2 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Lyme disease PHI:7821 oppF (bb0335) Borreliella burgdorferi rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) oligopepeptide (Opp) transporter that drives transport by hydrolyzing ATP reduced virulence gene mutation; chemical complementation A M Groshong 2017 The NBD mutant was avirulent by needle inoculation, but infectivity was partially restored by oral administration of IPTG to infected mice. H7C7Q3 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Lyme disease PHI:7820 oppD (bb0334) Borreliella burgdorferi rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) oligopepeptide (Opp) transporter that drives transport by hydrolyzing ATP reduced virulence gene mutation; chemical complementation A M Groshong 2017 The NBD mutant was avirulent by needle inoculation, but infectivity was partially restored by oral administration of IPTG to infected mice. I1RCH5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fusarium ear blight PHI:1569 GzOB009 Fusarium graminearum monocots Triticum (related: wheat) transcription factor lethal gene deletion Son I1RGU6 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 head blight PHI:10450 FCA6 (FGSG_02974) Fusarium graminearum monocots Triticum aestivum (related: bread wheat) bifunctional catalase-peroxidase unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full Y Lee 2018 Deletion mutants of FCA7 exhibited reduced virulence and increased trichothecene production compared with those of the wild-type strain. I1RIV2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fusarium ear blight | Fusarium head blight PHI:1007 | PHI:3657 NPS6 Fusarium graminearum monocots Triticum (related: wheat) | Triticum aestivum (related: bread wheat) non-ribosomal peptide synthetase | peptide synthetase reduced virulence gene deletion | gene disruption Oide et al. | S Oide 2014 Hypersensitivity to H2O2. Increased sensitivity to iron depletion. | NPS6 is sensitive to stresses, however, NPS1 and NPS2 are not. I1RX98 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fusarium ear blight PHI:1521 GzHOMEL025 Fusarium graminearum monocots Triticum (related: wheat) transcription factor lethal gene deletion Son I1RYX6 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 Fusarium head blight PHI:123615 | PHI:9357 Fgleu1 (FGSG_09589) | LEU1 (FGS_09589) Fusarium graminearum monocots Triticum aestivum (related: bread wheat) | Zea mays (related: maize) 3-isopropylmalate dehydratase loss of pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation S Sun 2022 | Y Que 2019 Compared with the wild-type strain PH-1, ΔLEU1 showed slower colony growth and fewer aerial mycelia; complete loss of pathogenicity and reduced ability to produce deoxynivalenol (DON) and aurofusarin. | FgLEU1, FgLEU3 and FgLEU4 were essential for wheat head blight disease, suggesting that leucine biosynthesis in filamentous fungal pathogens may be a conserved factor for fungal pathogenicity. I1RZ39 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fusarium ear blight PHI:1599 GzOB039 Fusarium graminearum monocots Triticum (related: wheat) transcription factor unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion Son I1S219 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 Fusarium ear blight PHI:1652 GzWing024 Fusarium graminearum monocots Triticum (related: wheat) transcription factor unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion Son I1S2M9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fusarium head blight PHI:124441 Abc6 (FGSG_11028) Fusarium graminearum monocots Triticum aestivum (related: bread wheat) ABC transporter reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full S P O Mara 2023 Deletion of Abc1 reduced FHB spread by ~30% compared to wild type. | Deletion of Abc6/Tril2 did not significantly reduced FHB symptoms compared to wild type. | Deletion of Mfs1/Tril2/Abc6 did not significantly reduced FHB symptoms compared to wild type. I1SAD7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fusarium ear blight PHI:1607 GzOB048 Fusarium graminearum monocots Triticum (related: wheat) transcription factor unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion Son I1SAJ7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fusarium head blight PHI:9042 nrps5 (FGSG_13878) Fusarium graminearum monocots Triticum aestivum (related: bread wheat) non-ribosomal peptide synthetase reduced virulence gene deletion: full L J Jia 2019 Fusaoctaxin A, an octapeptide product of NRPS5 and NRPS9 was capable of complementing the deficiency of the mutant FGΔfg3_54 during cell-to-cell invasion and suppressing host defense in wheat infection. I2G1E3 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 smut disease PHI:125108 tco1 (CCF52986) Ustilago maydis monocot Zea mays (related: maize) histidine kinase reduced virulence gene deletion: full ; gene complementation Y H Yun 2017 Δumtco1 mutants showed significantly reduced ability in the production of anthocyanin pigments and tumor development on maize leaves. I6PDX4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 PHI:7596 MakatG1 Metarhizium acridum grasshoppers Locusta migratoria (related: migratory locust) catalase-peroxidase reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation G Li 2017 Insect bioassays revealed significantly reduced virulence of the ΔMakatG1 mutant when topically inoculated, but no impairment when the insectcuticle was bypassed. | Insect bioassays revealed significantly reduced virulence of the ΔMakatG1 mutant when topically inoculated, but no impairment when the insectcuticle was bypassed. Tissue tested fifth instar nymph cuticle I6QM72 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 urinary tract infection PHI:11066 oprF Pseudomonas aeruginosa bony fishes | rodents Danio rerio (related: zebrafish) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) major outer membrane porin reduced virulence gene deletion: full M Moussouni 2021 Intramacrophage survival defect of P. aeruginosa oprF mutant, which was correlated with elevated association of bacteria with acidic compartments. | OprF mutant strain was better cleared than wild-type strain in a macrophage dependent manner in the zebrafish embryo model. I6X8R2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:4957 | PHI:6617 Zmp1 Mycobacterium tuberculosis bony fishes | rodents Danio rerio (related: zebrafish) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) peptidase M13 | zinc metalloprotease increased virulence (hypervirulence) altered gene expression / gene regulation: silencing | functional test in host: direct injection A F Correa 2014 | M H Vemula 2016 Blocking endothelin receptor signaling during M. tuberculosis infection causes increased severity of lesions and bacterial loads in the lungs. | d-Tomato labeled M. marinum (TdM. marinum) when injected with rZmp1 showed increased dissemination to tail region from the site of injection as compared to the untreated control fish in a dose-dependent manner. I6Y461 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:11124 mce2E (Rv0593) Mycobacterium tuberculosis primates | rodents Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) possible Mce-family lipoprotein reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation L Qiang 2020 Mce2E blocked K48-linked polyubiquitination of eEF1A1 to promote epithelial cell proliferation. | Mce2E inhibited the activation of the ERK and JNK MAPK signaling pathways to suppress the macrophage innate immune response. I6Y498 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:11519 rv3680 Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) probable anion transporter ATPase unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation M Whitaker 2020 Δrv3679-80 mutant suffered from a glycerol-dependent recovery defect on agar plates following mouse infection. I6Y4D2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:10542 | PHI:11336 Ami1 (Rv3717) | ami1 (Rv3717) Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase | N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidases reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation | gene mutation; gene complementation C Healy 2020 | N S Kieswetter 2021 Ami1 was dispensable for cell division in M. tuberculosis in vitro yet contributed to the bacterium's ability to persist during chronic infection in mice. | Both Ami1 and Ami4 in M. tuberculosis were not essential for mycobacterial growth within the host. | Infection with the Δami1 mutant led to differential induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, decreased cellular recruitment and reduced lung pathology during the acute phase of the infection. | No attenuation of the M. tuberculosis Δami1 mutant was observed during macrophage infection. I6Y9F7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:7115 LipQ Mycobacterium tuberculosis primates Homo sapiens (related: human) cell wall associated putative esterase/ lipase which is involved in the lipid/ester metabolism unaffected pathogenicity functional test in host A Kumar 2017 rLipQ stimulation caused not only significant reduction in the expression of iNOS and NF-kB, but also lowered the level of pro- and increased level of anti-inflammatory cytokines leading to the enhancement in bacillary survival. I6YHB0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:7978 rv3852 Mycobacterium tuberculosis primates | rodents Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) possible histone-like protein unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation N T Odermatt 2017 Infection of macrophages as well as severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice demonstrated that loss of Rv3852 had no detected influence on the virulence of M. tuberculosis. J4KNP2 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 white muscardine disease PHI:124813 Sid C (BBA_05020) Beauveria bassiana moths Galleria mellonella (related: greater wax moth) siderophore reduced virulence gene disruption T F Sun 2024 Δ BbsidC exhibited a significant decrease in survival percentage compared to wild type and complementary strain. J4W023 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 white muscardine PHI:7181 cypB Beauveria bassiana moths Galleria mellonella (related: Greater wax moth) peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase-putative secretory protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation Z J Chu 2017 CypB also plays an important role in sustaining dimorphic transition and normal blastospore morphology in B. bassiana. J5J6H7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 white muscardine PHI:123537 BbAcs1 (EJP62113) Beauveria bassiana moths Galleria mellonella (related: Greater wax moth) acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation J-H Lei 2022 Deletion of BbAcs1 caused reduction in conidial yield but did not affect virulence. J9VLE6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 cryptococcosis PHI:11158 ubi1 (CNAG_00370) Cryptococcus neoformans rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) ubiquitin fusion protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation J Zhao 2020 The ubi1Δ mutant displayed increased cell ploidy, cell cycle arrest, and decreased intracellular survival inside macrophages. J9VUY6 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 fungal meningitis PHI:6871 gua1 Cryptococcus neoformans nematodes | rodents Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) GMP synthase loss of pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation J L Chitty 2017 In the absence of GMP synthase, C. neoformans becomes a guanine auxotroph, the production of key virulence factors is compromised, and the ability to infect nematodes and mice is abolished. L7N655 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:3630 PepN Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) probable aminopeptidase increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene mutation R A McAdam 2002 O05853 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:3628 Rv3213c Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) possible role in chromosome segregation increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene mutation R A McAdam 2002 O05858 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:10876 fasR Mycobacterium tuberculosis primates | rodents Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) probable transcriptional regulatory protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation S Mondino 2020 FasR was required for M. tuberculosis replication in macrophages. | The fasR mutant resided in acidified cellular compartments, suggesting that the lipid perturbation caused by the mutation prevented M. tuberculosis inhibition of phagolysosome maturation. O05877 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:3634 Rv3232c Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) unknown, possible transcriptional regulator reduced virulence gene mutation R A McAdam 2002 O07434 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:4070 RicR Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) copper-responsive RicR regulon reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation X Shi 2014 Deletion or disruption of individual RicR-regulated genes had no impact on virulence in mice, although several mutants had Cu hypersensitivity. In contrast, a mutant unable to activate the RicR regulon was not only highly susceptible to Cu but also attenuated in mice. O24885 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 gastric infection PHI:12045 HP0044 Helicobacter pylori primates Homo sapiens (related: human) GDP-D-mannose dehydratase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation A N Liu 2022 LPS-defective mutants also had significantly reduced bacterial infection, adhesion and internalization in the in vitro cell line model. O33336 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:2629 PptT Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) 4′-phosphopantetheinyl transferase reduced virulence gene mutation: characterised C Leblanc Mycobacterial multiplication in both immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice is dependent on the expression of PptT / PptT production is required for survival of M. tuberculosis during the chronic phase of infection. O42696 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 candidiasis PHI:138 CaNIK1 Candida albicans rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) histidine kinase reduced virulence gene disruption Yamada-Okabe et al. O42772 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 Septoria leaf blotch PHI:822 Ip Zymoseptoria tritici monocots Triticum (related: wheat) succinate dehydrogenase subunit chemistry target: resistance to chemical gene mutation: characterised; gene complementation Skinner et al. O51804 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:9841 rpoS Vibrio cholerae flies Drosophila melanogaster (related: fruit fly) RNA polymerase sigma factor unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full I Muzhingi 2018 Information funneled through CrbS is detectable to the bacterium only at times when preferred carbon sources are absent and that the environment may affect CrbS-dependent signaling mechanisms. O52762 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 opportunistic infection PHI:10648 katA Pseudomonas aeruginosa primates | rodents Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) catalase unaffected pathogenicity altered gene expression / gene regulation: overexpression Y Xia 2020 YbeY mutant was more susceptible to H2O2 and neutrophil-mediated killing. O53168 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:10541 RipA (rv1477) Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) D,L-endopeptidase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation C Healy 2020 Depletion of RipA prevented M. tuberculosis from replicating in macrophages and led to dramatic killing of the bacteria in mice. O53317 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:6340 Rv3167c Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) transcriptional repressor increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene mutation; gene complementation L Srinivasan 2016 The increase in necrosis led to an increase in bacterial virulence as reflected in higher bacterial burden and reduced survival of mice infected with MtbdeltaRv3167c. O53340 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:9827 rv3194c Mycolicibacterium smegmatis primates | rodents Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) serine protease unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation; heterologous expression | heterologous expression H Li 2019 In mice, Rv3194c enhanced the persistence of Mycobacterium smegmatis (Ms) in the lung, induced lung lesions, and promoted the release of inflammatory cytokines. | Rv3194c inhibited THP1-derived macrophage migration, degraded the complement components, C3b and C5a, causing inhibition of phagocytosis and chemotaxis. O67996 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 brucellosis PHI:124389 bvrR (BAW_12006) Brucella abortus primates Homo sapiens (related: human) two-component system reduced virulence gene deletion: full O Rivas-Solano 2023 B. abortus 2308W was able to replicate intracellularly in both types of cells, but B. abortus ΔbvrRS did not. O68563 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 opportunistic infection PHI:3471 Fur Pseudomonas fluorescens bony fishes Paralichthys olivaceus (related: japanese flounder) global transcriptional regulator reduced virulence gene mutation Z Zhou 2015 The mutant was impaired in siderophore production and extracellular enzyme activities, (ii) exhibited altered global polarity, (iii) was dramatically reduced in the ability to resist oxidative stress, (iv) showed higher tolerance to manganese, and (v) exhibited significantly reduced cytotoxicity. O69624 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:7456 flp Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) major pilin structural unit unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full K M Mann 2016 It was found that neither MTP nor the hypothetical Flp pilus was required for Mtb survival in mouse models of infection, although MTP can contribute to biofilm formation and subsequent isoniazid tolerance. O69625 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:7455 TadC Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) secretion apparatus involved in pilin assembly unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full K M Mann 2016 It was found that neither MTP nor the hypothetical Flp pilus was required for Mtb survival in mouse models of infection, although MTP can contribute to biofilm formation and subsequent isoniazid tolerance. O69641 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:3846 CcsX Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) thioredoxin, necessary for heme insertion into cytochrome c reduced virulence gene deletion; gene complementation J L Small 2013 CcsX mutant was hyperresistant to H2O2 O69729 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:3616 tcrY Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) two-component regulatory systems increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene mutation T Parish 2003 O69730 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:3615 tcrX Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) two-component regulatory systems increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene mutation T Parish 2003 O74271 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 candidiasis PHI:212 COS1/CHIK1 Candida albicans rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) histidine kinase reduced virulence gene disruption; gene complementation Selitrennikoff et al. partial complementation O93802 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black spot (pear) | green muscardine PHI:2312 | PHI:2844 BRM2 | THR Alternaria alternata | Metarhizium anisopliae eudicots | moths Plutella xylostella (related: diamondback moth) | Pyrus communis (related: pear) 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene reductase | dihydroxynaphthalene melanin biosynthesis increased virulence (hypervirulence) | unaffected pathogenicity functional test in host | gene disruption C Kawamura 1999 | Min N. Tseng no comments P02941 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:6983 cheM Salmonella enterica primates Homo sapiens (related: human) methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full | gene deletion: full; gene complementation S Hoffmann 2017 The successive MCP mutants were functionally tested in a HeLa cell infection model which revealed increased invasion rates for non-chemotactic mutants and strains lacking the MCP CheM (Tar). P04739 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:9078 pilA Pseudomonas aeruginosa primates Homo sapiens (related: human) fimbrial protein reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation A Berry 2018 Vfr also regulated function of type 4 pili shown to facilitate ExlA activity on epithelial cells. P05431 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 PHI:3826 PilE Neisseria meningitidis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) the ligands for TNF-a and IL-8 in a glycan-dependent manner, and their del-etion results in decreased virulence and increased survival in a mouse model reduced virulence gene deletion J Mahdavi 2013 P06203 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:9083 metJ Salmonella enterica primates | rodents Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) master repressor of the methionine regulon reduced virulence gene mutation J S Bourgeois 2018 The ΔmetJ mutant displayed reduced motility, host cell pyroptosis and invasion. P07014 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 urinary tract infection PHI:7965 sdhB Escherichia coli nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) succinate dehydrogenase iron-sulfur subunit reduced virulence gene mutation C J Kuo 2018 It was observed that the virulence of the wild-type EDL933 and the EDL933:ΔsdhA strains when cultured anaerobically were both significantly attenuated compared to the same strains cultured aerobically supporting the notion that EHEC is more toxic in aerobic metabolism. P07363 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 meningitis PHI:6535 cheA Escherichia coli birds Anas platyrhynchos (related: mallard) chemotaxis protein reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation F Jiang 2015 Deletion of flagellar genes motA and motB and chemotaxis gene cheA significantly attenuated the virulence of APEC, and ArcA was shown to directly regulate the expression of motA, motB, and cheA. | The mutant with a double deletion of cheA and cheW was as virulent as the wild type. P08870 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:7662 pyrE Salmonella enterica birds | even-toed ungulates | rodents Bos taurus (related: cattle) | Gallus gallus (related: chicken) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) orotate phosphoribosyltransferase reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; chemical complementation H J Yang 2017 Colonization defect of a pyrE mutant during infection occured in chicks, but not in CBA/J mice or ligated ileal loops in calves, and the uracil supplementation restored the ability of the pyrE mutant to colonize chicks. P09152 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 urinary tract infection PHI:10512 narG Escherichia coli rodents Rattus rattus (related: black rat) respiratory nitrate reductase 1 alpha chain reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation A J Martin-Rodriguez 2020 Nitrate reduction was implicated as a bacterial fitness factor for colonization of the urinary tract by UPEC. P0A038 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 white muscardine PHI:6904 GAPDH Staphylococcus aureus moths Galleria mellonella (related: Greater wax moth) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase reduced virulence functional test in host: direct injection P Ebner 2016 FbaA showed high cytotoxicity to both MonoMac 6 (MM6) and HaCaT cells, while GAPDH was cytotoxic only for MM6 cells. P0A088 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 skin infection; food poisoning; respiratory disease PHI:4582 msrB Staphylococcus aureus rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) methionine sulfoxide reductase reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation; gene complementation V K Singh 2015 Mutants sensitive to oxidative stress P0A1D7 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 food poisoning PHI:3040 ClpP Salmonella enterica rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) proteolytic component reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation G M Knudsen 2013 P0A1G5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:6508 DksA Salmonella enterica rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) response regulator reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation S Azriel 2015 Using the colitis mouse model, we found that dksA is spatially induced at the midcecum during the early stage of the infection and required for gastrointestinal colonization and systemic infection in vivo. P0A1P6 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:7742 glnA Salmonella enterica primates Homo sapiens (related: human) glutamine synthetase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; chemical complementation P Aurass 2017 GlnA mutant displayed attenuated entry into host cells and severely reduced levels of exoproteins, including flagellin and several Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1)-dependent secreted virulence. Supplementation with glutamine or genetic reversion of glnA truncation restored growth, cell entry, gene expression and protein abundance. macrophage-like cells P0A1R0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 food poisoning PHI:2687 hfq Salmonella enterica rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) regulators of systemic infection reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation H Yoon no comments P0A251 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:11383 ahpC Salmonella enterica moths Galleria mellonella (related: Greater wax moth) peroxiredoxin reduced virulence gene deletion: full H D Bismuth 2021 ROS production by G. mellonella was revealed by the virulence defects of Salmonella mutants lacking catalases/peroxiredoxins or cytoplasmic superoxide dismutases, both strains being highly sensitive to these oxidants. P0A2D5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis | typhoid PHI:10049 | PHI:8732 cheY Salmonella enterica rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) chemotaxis regulator protein reduced virulence gene mutation | gene mutation; gene complementation J Noster 2019 | M Fujimoto 2018 Tat and the Tat-exported amidases, AmiA and AmiC, were required for S. Tm luminal fitness in the inflamed gut. | The increased phagocytic uptake of fumarase-deficient S. Typhimurium was due to enhanced CCW flagellar rotation and partially depended on glycogen synthesis. P0A2F0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 food poisoning PHI:2680 rpoE Salmonella enterica rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) regulators of systemic infection reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation H Yoon no comments P0A2F4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:11377 sodB Salmonella enterica moths Galleria mellonella (related: Greater wax moth) cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase increased virulence (hypervirulence) | reduced virulence gene deletion: full H D Bismuth 2021 ROS production by G. mellonella was revealed by the virulence defects of Salmonella mutants lacking catalases/peroxiredoxins or cytoplasmic superoxide dismutases, both strains being highly sensitive to these oxidants. P0A355 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 3.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 listeriosis PHI:7637 CspA Listeria monocytogenes bony fishes | primates Danio rerio (related: zebrafish) | Homo sapiens (related: human) cold shock protein reduced virulence gene mutation A K Eshwar 2017 An evaluation of double csp gene deletion mutant (ΔcspBD, ΔcspAD and ΔcspAB) strains that produce single csp genes showed that there is redundancy as well as functional differences among the three L.monocytogenes Csps in their contributions to virulence, cellular aggregation, flagella production and swarming motility. P0A357 7.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 3.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 listeriosis PHI:7638 CspB Listeria monocytogenes bony fishes | primates Danio rerio (related: zebrafish) | Homo sapiens (related: human) cold shock protein reduced virulence gene mutation A K Eshwar 2017 An evaluation of double csp gene deletion mutant (ΔcspBD, ΔcspAD and ΔcspAB) strains that produce single csp genes showed that there is redundancy as well as functional differences among the three L.monocytogenes Csps in their contributions to virulence, cellular aggregation, flagella production and swarming motility. P0A452 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 pneumococcal pneumonia PHI:4702 recA Streptococcus pneumoniae rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) DNA recombination and repair reduced virulence gene deletion: full L Zhu 2015 P0A6Z3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 diarrhea PHI:6472 htpG Escherichia coli rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) | Rattus rattus (related: black rat) heat shock protein 90 chaperone reduced virulence gene mutation C Garcie 2016 Hsp90Ec molecular chaperone and the ClpQ protease involved in colibactin and yersiniabactin synthesis. P0A7F6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 colibacillosis PHI:9152 speD Escherichia coli birds Gallus gallus (related: chicken) S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation P R Guerra 2018 All organs from birds infected with ΔspeD/E showed similar bacterial counts to those observed in the WT infected group. | No significant difference in the mortality rate of chicken embryos was observed between WT and polyamine biosynthesis and transport mutants. P0A8U6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 neonatal meningitis PHI:123640 metJ Escherichia coli rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) regulatory protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full F Yin 2022 ΔmetJ strain had a very low competitive index indicating a significant colonization defect compared with the WT strain. P0A964 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 meningitis PHI:6536 cheW Escherichia coli birds Anas platyrhynchos (related: mallard) chemotaxis protein unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation F Jiang 2015 The mutant with a double deletion of cheA and cheW was as virulent as the wild type. P0A9A9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 urinary tract infection PHI:4887 Fur Escherichia coli rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) global ferric uptake regulator reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full | gene deletion: full; gene complementation G Porcheron 2014 The fur mutant was more sensitive to oxidative stress and produced more of the siderophores enterobactin, salmochelins, and aerobactin than the wild-type strain. In contrast, while RyhB was not implicated in oxidative stress resistance, the ryhBmutant produced lower levels of siderophores. P0A9Y9 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:7262 cspC Salmonella enterica primates | rodents Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) cold shock protein loss of pathogenicity | reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full C Michaux 2017 Phenotypic assays in vitro demonstrated a crucial role for these proteins in membrane stress, motility and biofilm formation. P0AA16 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 avian colibacillosis | infection PHI:11693 | PHI:12186 ompR Escherichia coli birds | primates | rodents Gallus gallus (related: chicken) | Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) response regulator | transcriptional regulator reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation D Fu 2022 | V Lucchini 2021 Deletion of ompR compromised the ability of AIEC strains to cope with the stress induced by bile salts, which may be key for AIEC pathogenesis. | Inactivation of the ompR gene attenuated bacterial motility, biofilm formation, and the production of curli. P0AA19 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 food poisoning PHI:2685 ompR Salmonella enterica rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) regulators of systemic infection reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation H Yoon no comments P0AA28 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 food poisoning PHI:2644 thioredoxin 1 Salmonella enterica nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) redox activity reduced virulence chemical complementation | gene deletion: full; gene complementation X Sem 2012 Ascorbic acid and chloramphenicol reduced the effects of pathogenicity of the mutants | Virulence of the thioredoxin 1 mutant was restored by trans -complementation with redox-active variants of thioredoxin 1 or, surprisingly, by exposing the thioredoxin 1 mutant to sublethal concentrations of the disulphide catalyst copper chloride prior to infection P0AAL3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 infection | urinary tract infection PHI:10523 | PHI:10986 napG Escherichia coli rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) | Rattus rattus (related: black rat) ferredoxin-type protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full | gene deletion: full; gene complementation A J Martin-Rodriguez 2020 | J Liu 2020 Nitrate reduction was implicated as a bacterial fitness factor for colonization of the urinary tract by UPEC. | SufI as well as AmiA and AmiC played an important role in pathogenesis of ExPEC. P0ABL5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 urinary tract infection PHI:10526 napC Escherichia coli rodents Rattus rattus (related: black rat) cytochrome c-type protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation A J Martin-Rodriguez 2020 Nitrate reduction was implicated as a bacterial fitness factor for colonization of the urinary tract by UPEC. P0AC41 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 urinary tract infection PHI:7964 sdhA Escherichia coli nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein subunit reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation C J Kuo 2018 It was observed that the virulence of the wild-type EDL933 and the EDL933:ΔsdhA strains when cultured anaerobically were both significantly attenuated compared to the same strains cultured aerobically supporting the notion that EHEC is more toxic in aerobic metabolism. P0AGB6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 neonatal meningitis PHI:123198 rpoE Escherichia coli rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) extracytoplasmic function sigma factor reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation Y Fan 2022 RpoE is induced by antibacterial peptides present in the blood and that it directly regulates many virulence genes P0C017 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 cryptococcosis PHI:14 ADE2 Cryptococcus neoformans nematodes | rabbits and hares Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) | Oryctolagus cuniculus (related: rabbit) phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase loss of pathogenicity | reduced virulence gene disruption; gene complementation Perfect et al. P0DKY7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 soft rot PHI:4576 RsmA Pectobacterium carotovorum eudicots Nicotiana tabacum (related: common tobacco) carbon storage regulator homolog increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene mutation Y Cui 1996 P0DM81 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 food poisoning PHI:2683 rpoS Salmonella enterica rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) regulators of systemic infection reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation H Yoon no comments P11349 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 urinary tract infection PHI:10513 narH Escherichia coli rodents Rattus rattus (related: black rat) respiratory nitrate reductase 1 beta chain reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation A J Martin-Rodriguez 2020 Nitrate reduction was implicated as a bacterial fitness factor for colonization of the urinary tract by UPEC. P13445 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 diarrhea PHI:7256 RpoS Escherichia coli primates Homo sapiens (related: human) RNA polymerase sigma factor unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation G M S C Mata 2017 Knockout of rpoS strongly impaired resistance to oxidative, osmotic and acid stress in both E2348/69 and LRT9. P15926 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:7312 ScpA Streptococcus pyogenes rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) C5a peptidase unaffected pathogenicity gene disruption | gene disruption; gene complementation | gene mutation: characterised N N Lynskey 2017 Host gene alteration data available for C3 and C5. Despite clear effects on human complement, expression of ScpA reduced clearance of group A streptococci in vivo in wildtype and C5 deficient mice, and promoted systemic bacterial dissemination in mice that lacked both C3 and C5, suggesting an additional complement-independent role for ScpA in streptococcal pathogenesis. P17750 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:11381 katG Salmonella enterica moths Galleria mellonella (related: Greater wax moth) catalase reduced virulence gene deletion: full H D Bismuth 2021 ROS production by G. mellonella was revealed by the virulence defects of Salmonella mutants lacking catalases/peroxiredoxins or cytoplasmic superoxide dismutases, both strains being highly sensitive to these oxidants. P19318 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 urinary tract infection PHI:10517 narY Escherichia coli rodents Rattus rattus (related: black rat) respiratory nitrate reductase 2 beta chain reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation A J Martin-Rodriguez 2020 Nitrate reduction was implicated as a bacterial fitness factor for colonization of the urinary tract by UPEC. P19319 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 urinary tract infection PHI:10516 narZ Escherichia coli rodents Rattus rattus (related: black rat) respiratory nitrate reductase 2 alpha chain reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation A J Martin-Rodriguez 2020 Nitrate reduction was implicated as a bacterial fitness factor for colonization of the urinary tract by UPEC. P21264 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 PHI:501 ADE2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase reduced virulence gene deletion P22260 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:12171 clp Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Brassica oleracea (no common name found) CAP-like protein loss of pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation M Lin 2022 RavA/VemR TCS regulated FleQ activity and thus influenced the expression of motility- related genes, thereby affecting Xcc motility and virulence. P24325 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:9264 galE Haemophilus influenzae rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) UDP-glucose 4-epimerase reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation; gene complementation S M Wong 2019 The galE mutants exhibited restored virulence properties in a lic2A mutant background. P24474 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:124263 nirS Pseudomonas aeruginosa nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) nitrite reductase reduced virulence altered gene expression / gene regulation: overexpression X Tan 2023 The lifespan of worms that fed on the pNirS strain was increased by 18% compared with that of worms that fed on the pEV strain for 5 days. P27550 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 avian colisepticemia PHI:9227 acs Escherichia coli birds | rodents Anas platyrhynchos (related: mallard) | Gallus gallus (related: chicken) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation; gene complementation X Zhuge 2019 Acetate assimilation system encoded by acs-yjcH-actP operon was required for APEC-induced cytotoxicity to macrophages. | Deletion of acs-yjcH-actP operon had no effect on the APEC virulence in bacteria proliferation in the avian blood in vivo. | Deletion of acs-yjcH-actP operon had no effect on the APEC virulence in bacteria proliferation in the avian blood, spleen, liver, brain and kidney tissues in vivo. | Deletion of acs-yjcH-actP operon had no effect on the APEC virulence in murine sepsis model. | Deletion of actP/yjcH/acs genes attenuated APEC virulence and colonization capability in avian lungs in vivo for colibacillosis infection models. P32176 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:10994 fdoG Escherichia coli rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) formate dehydrogenase-O major subunit unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full J Liu 2020 SufI as well as AmiA and AmiC played an important role in pathogenesis of ExPEC. P32705 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 avian colisepticemia PHI:9229 actP Escherichia coli birds | rodents Anas platyrhynchos (related: mallard) | Gallus gallus (related: chicken) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) acetate/glycolate:cation symporter reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation; gene complementation X Zhuge 2019 Acetate assimilation system encoded by acs-yjcH-actP operon was required for APEC-induced cytotoxicity to macrophages. | Deletion of acs-yjcH-actP operon had no effect on the APEC virulence in bacteria proliferation in the avian blood in vivo. | Deletion of acs-yjcH-actP operon had no effect on the APEC virulence in bacteria proliferation in the avian blood, spleen, liver, brain and kidney tissues in vivo. | Deletion of acs-yjcH-actP operon had no effect on the APEC virulence in murine sepsis model. | Deletion of actP/yjcH/acs genes attenuated APEC virulence and colonization capability in avian lungs in vivo for colibacillosis infection models. P33221 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:8653 purT Escherichia coli primates | rodents Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) formate-dependent phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full | gene deletion: full; gene complementation A I S Andersen-Civil 2018 Inactivation of purN and/or purT significantly affected UPEC invasion of human bladder cells, but not the intracellular survival, cytotoxicity levels to bladder cells were also diminished when both purN and purT were deleted, while single gene mutants did not differ from the wild type. | When infecting human macrophages, no differences were observed between UTI89 and mutants in uptake, survival or cytotoxicity. P33937 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 urinary tract infection PHI:10522 napA Escherichia coli rodents Rattus rattus (related: black rat) periplasmic nitrate reductase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation A J Martin-Rodriguez 2020 Nitrate reduction was implicated as a bacterial fitness factor for colonization of the urinary tract by UPEC. P37902 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 neonatal meningitis PHI:124243 gltI Escherichia coli rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) glutamate transporters reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation H Niu 2023 UTI89 deletion mutant ΔgltI had significantly lower bacterial load than those of the parent strain UTI89 at all the time points post infection. P40720 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:10046 fumA Salmonella enterica rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) fumarate hydratase class I, aerobic reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation J Noster 2019 The increased phagocytic uptake of fumarase-deficient S. Typhimurium was due to enhanced CCW flagellar rotation and partially depended on glycogen synthesis. P40729 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 typhoid PHI:8731 flhA Salmonella enterica rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) flagellar biosynthesis protein reduced virulence gene mutation M Fujimoto 2018 Tat and the Tat-exported amidases, AmiA and AmiC, were required for S. Tm luminal fitness in the inflamed gut. P42375 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 periodontitis PHI:3085 GroEL Porphyromonas gingivalis rodents Rattus (related: rat) folding of newly synthesized proteins, preventing misfolding and aggregation increased virulence (hypervirulence) functional test in host: direct injection F Lin 2014 P42383 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 gastric infection PHI:10299 HpHSP60 Helicobacter pylori primates | rodents Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) heat shock protein 60 unaffected pathogenicity functional test in host W T Hsu 2018 The results indicate that chronic H. pylori infection was correlated with HpHSP60 and that the blockage of HpHSP60 could decrease H.pylori colonization and the generation of Treg cells. P43019 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:11376 sodA Salmonella enterica moths Galleria mellonella (related: Greater wax moth) cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase reduced virulence gene deletion: full H D Bismuth 2021 ROS production by G. mellonella was revealed by the virulence defects of Salmonella mutants lacking catalases/peroxiredoxins or cytoplasmic superoxide dismutases, both strains being highly sensitive to these oxidants. P45684 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 opportunistic infection PHI:10649 rpoS Pseudomonas aeruginosa primates | rodents Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) RNA polymerase sigma factor unaffected pathogenicity altered gene expression / gene regulation: overexpression Y Xia 2020 YbeY mutant was more susceptible to H2O2 and neutrophil-mediated killing. P49988 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:7554 | PHI:9213 RpoN Pseudomonas aeruginosa nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) RNA polymerase sigma-54 factor | cis-acting peptide of RNA polymerase sigma-54 factor reduced virulence gene mutation | other evidence: P. aeruginosa CF isolate SCH0057-7 transformed with cis-acting peptide, RpoN*-expression vector M G Lloyd 2017 | M G Lloyd 2019 Blocking RpoN consensus promoter sites is an effective strategy for abrogation of P. aeruginosa virulence. | Cis-acting peptide, RpoN* expression reduced motility, biofilm formation and pathogenesis in a P. aeruginosa-C. elegans infection model. P50334 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:124230 dctA Salmonella enterica primates | rodents Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) primary dicarboxylate importer unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full S J Hersch 2021 No decrease in survival relative to that of wild-type Salmonella in THP-1 macrophage cell lines. | No decrease in survival relative to that of wild-type Salmonella in mouse (J774) macrophage cell lines. P52002 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:11923 mexB Pseudomonas aeruginosa rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) multidrug resistance protein unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation M Vaillancourt 2021 Mutations of the mexEF efflux pump system increased swarming, rhamnolipid production, and lethality in a mouse infection model, while mutations in mexR increased virulence during an acute murine lung infection without affecting swarming or rhamnolipid gene expression. P57051 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 cholera PHI:2415 tatA Vibrio cholerae rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) translocate folded proteins; virulence reduced virulence gene mutation: characterised; gene complementation Lijuan Zhang Mutants show reduced biofilm formation capability P57665 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 opportunistic infection PHI:6274 Orn Pseudomonas aeruginosa rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) oligoribonuclease reduced virulence gene mutation G Chen 2016 P57698 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:4712 kdpB Pseudomonas aeruginosa flies | nematodes | rodents Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) | Drosophila melanogaster (related: fruit fly) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) transport of small molecules reduced virulence gene mutation J Dubern 2015 The virulence of the majority of P. aeruginosamutants varied between disease models suggesting that virulence is dependent on the disease model used and hence the host environment. P63786 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 skin infection; food poisoning; respiratory disease PHI:3005 ClpP Staphylococcus aureus rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) part of proteolytic complex reduced virulence gene deletion: full D Frees 2003 ClpX and clpP mutant cells are sensitive to hydrogen peroxide P64036 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:6420 EF-P Salmonella enterica rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) elongation factor increased virulence (hypervirulence) altered gene expression / gene regulation: downregulation D Nam 2016 Downregulation of EF-P selectively promotes expression of the virulence mgtC gene and contributes to Salmonella's ability to survive inside macrophages P64281 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:7130 greA Salmonella enterica rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) transcription elongation factor loss of pathogenicity gene mutation T G Cantin 2017 Invasion of HT-29 epithelial cell line was abolished in double mutant strains lacking both GreA and GreB. P64394 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 food poisoning PHI:2673 himD Salmonella enterica rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) regulators of systemic infection reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation H Yoon no comments P65882 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 food poisoning | gastroenteritis PHI:2625 | PHI:9416 purA Salmonella enterica bony fishes | rodents Danio rerio (related: zebrafish) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) adenylosuccinate synthetase | pathogenicity island loss of pathogenicity | reduced virulence gene mutation | gene mutation: characterised A J Grant | S Masud 2019 PurA contributed to S. Typhimurium infection establishment and virulence in the zebrafish host. | The parasite cannot egress the infected cells thus reduced virulence P69423 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:10983 tatC Escherichia coli even-toed ungulates | rodents Mesocricetus auratus (related: golden hamster) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) | Sus scrofa (related: Pig) Sec-independent protein translocase protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation J Liu 2020 SufI as well as AmiA and AmiC played an important role in pathogenesis of ExPEC. P69428 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:10981 tatA Escherichia coli even-toed ungulates | rodents Mesocricetus auratus (related: golden hamster) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) | Sus scrofa (related: Pig) Sec-independent protein translocase protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation J Liu 2020 SufI as well as AmiA and AmiC played an important role in pathogenesis of ExPEC. P69739 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:11000 hyaA Escherichia coli rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) hydrogenase-1 small chain unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full J Liu 2020 SufI as well as AmiA and AmiC played an important role in pathogenesis of ExPEC. P69913 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 hemorrhagic colitis; hemolytic uremic syndrome PHI:10254 csrA Escherichia coli primates Homo sapiens (related: human) post-transcriptional regulator increased virulence (hypervirulence) | reduced virulence altered gene expression / gene regulation: overexpression | gene mutation; gene complementation S Wang 2017 Inactivation of CsrA in EHEC O157:H7 resulted in a significant increase in bacterial adherence to host epithelial cells, with a concomitant loss of swimming motility on semi-solid agar plates. P69917 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 food poisoning PHI:2682 csrA Salmonella enterica rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) regulators of systemic infection reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation H Yoon no comments P69996 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 gastric infection PHI:3145 urease Helicobacter pylori moths Galleria mellonella (related: greater wax moth) virulence determinants reduced virulence gene mutation M Giannouli 2014 H. pylori mutant strains defective in either VacA, or CagA, or CagE, orcagPAI, or urease, but not GGT-defective mutants, were less virulent than the respective parental strain. P71560 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:11821 Rv0950c Mycobacterium tuberculosis primates Homo sapiens (related: human) putative M23-domain containing protein unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation A O Papadopoulos 2021 Deletion of Rv0950c yielded no defects in growth, colony morphology, antibiotic susceptibility or intracellular survival but caused a reduction in cell length. P71658 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:7585 Rv1388 (mihF) Mycobacterium tuberculosis primates Homo sapiens (related: human) putative integration host factor increased virulence (hypervirulence) altered gene expression / gene regulation: overexpression L Danelishvili 2015 In vitro studies revealed no differences between Mtb parental strain and Rv2626c knockout clone growth within human macrophages; however, the Rv2626c knockout clone showed significantly lower levels of cell necrosis evident at 5 days post-infection. P95200 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:3629 Rv0392c Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) possible dehydrogenase unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation R A McAdam 2002 P95422 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:11920 mexF Pseudomonas aeruginosa rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) efflux pump membrane transporter increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene deletion: full M Vaillancourt 2021 Mutations of the mexEF efflux pump system increased swarming, rhamnolipid production, and lethality in a mouse infection model, while mutations in mexR increased virulence during an acute murine lung infection without affecting swarming or rhamnolipid gene expression. P96354 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:7752 rv3115 Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) involved in hypoxia-responsive molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation F Levillain 2017 In vivo, the M. tuberculosis moaA1-D1-null mutant showed impaired survival in hypoxic granulomas in C3HeB/FeJ mice, but not in normoxic lesions in C57BL/6 animals. P9WF41 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:5575 | PHI:7218 H37Rv | whiB3 Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) 4S redox sensor protein, regulates ergothioneine (EGT) production | redox-and pH-responsive transcriptional regulator reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation B M Cumming 2017 | V Saini 2016 Infection with the Mtb whiB3 mutant or polyketide mutants had little effect on the macrophage cell cycle and emulated the uninfected cells. P9WFK3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:9918 HadD (Rv0504c) Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Mycolicibacterium smegmatis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) dehydratase protein reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation | heterologous expression C Lefebvre 2020 Phenotyping of Mtb hadD deletion mutant revealed the influence of HadDMtb on the planktonic growth, colony morphology and biofilm structuration, as well as on low temperature tolerance. P9WG11 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:3635 Rv0930 Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) PstA component of phosphate uptake unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation R A McAdam 2002 P9WGI9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:7584 Rv1093 (glyA1) Mycobacterium tuberculosis primates Homo sapiens (related: human) serine hydroxymethyltransferase increased virulence (hypervirulence) altered gene expression / gene regulation: overexpression L Danelishvili 2015 In vitro studies revealed no differences between Mtb parental strain and Rv2626c knockout clone growth within human macrophages; however, the Rv2626c knockout clone showed significantly lower levels of cell necrosis evident at 5 days post-infection. P9WGL5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:3621 Rv3220c Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) two-component regulatory systems unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation T Parish 2003 P9WGM5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:3620 narL Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) two-component regulatory systems unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation T Parish 2003 P9WHE3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:7583 Rv0652 (rplL) Mycobacterium tuberculosis primates Homo sapiens (related: human) 50S ribosomal protein increased virulence (hypervirulence) altered gene expression / gene regulation: overexpression L Danelishvili 2015 In vitro studies revealed no differences between Mtb parental strain and Rv2626c knockout clone growth within human macrophages; however, the Rv2626c knockout clone showed significantly lower levels of cell necrosis evident at 5 days post-infection. P9WHH9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:7582 Rv0462 (lpdC) Mycobacterium tuberculosis primates Homo sapiens (related: human) dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase increased virulence (hypervirulence) altered gene expression / gene regulation: overexpression L Danelishvili 2015 In vitro studies revealed no differences between Mtb parental strain and Rv2626c knockout clone growth within human macrophages; however, the Rv2626c knockout clone showed significantly lower levels of cell necrosis evident at 5 days post-infection. P9WIN1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:3636 Rv2702 Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) polyphosphate glucokinase unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation R A McAdam 2002 P9WIP7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:3077 | PHI:3632 Lsr2 | Rv3597c Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) Lsr2 homologue | global transcriptional regulator loss of pathogenicity | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation | gene mutation I L Bartek 2014 | R A McAdam 2002 The lsr2 mutant did display severe growth defects under normoxic and hyperoxic conditions, but it was not required for growth under low-oxygen conditions. /The lsr2strain is not more sensitive to H2O2 or mitomycin C. P9WJG3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:7578 CarD Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) RNA polymerase binding transcription factor reduced virulence gene mutation A L Garner 2016 It was shown that increasing the affinity of CarD for RNAP reduced M. tuberculosis virulence in a mouse model of infection despite the improved growth rate in vitro. P9WJR9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:7748 rv3111 Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) involved in hypoxia-responsive molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation F Levillain 2017 In vivo, the M. tuberculosis moaA1-D1-null mutant showed impaired survival in hypoxic granulomas in C3HeB/FeJ mice, but not in normoxic lesions in C57BL/6 animals. P9WJV0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:2741 MmpL5 Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) iron-regulated genes encoding predicted outer membrane proteins reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation R M Wells no comments P9WJV2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:2740 MmpL4 Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) iron-regulated genes encoding predicted outer membrane proteins reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation R M Wells no comments P9WJX9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:7049 Rv1258c Mycobacterium tuberculosis primates | rodents Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) tap efflux pump protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation W Lin 2016 Rv1258c mutant displayed increased susceptibility to killing by lysosomal SF and the antimicrobial peptide LL-37, as well as attenuated survival in primary murine macrophages and human macrophage cell line THP-1. P9WJY3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:5578 Rv1410c Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) MFS-type drug efflux transporter P55 reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation A J Martinot 2016 P9WK17 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:7586 Rv1837c (glcB) Mycobacterium tuberculosis primates Homo sapiens (related: human) malate synthase G increased virulence (hypervirulence) altered gene expression / gene regulation: overexpression L Danelishvili 2015 In vitro studies revealed no differences between Mtb parental strain and Rv2626c knockout clone growth within human macrophages; however, the Rv2626c knockout clone showed significantly lower levels of cell necrosis evident at 5 days post-infection. P9WK49 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:11416 lprE Mycobacterium tuberculosis primates | rodents Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) putative lipoprotein reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation A Padhi 2019 Deletion of LprEMtb resulted in reduction of M. tuberculosis virulence in human and mouse macrophages due to upregulation of vitamin D3–responsive cathelicidin expression. P9WKD1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:7983 pbpA Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Cavia porcellus (related: domestic guinea pig) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) transpeptidase reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full | gene deletion: full; gene complementation D Arora 2018 In a guinea pig infection model, RodA and PbpA were found to be required for both, bacterial survival as well as formation of granuloma structures. P9WKX3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:4674 Rv3780 Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) proteasome activator reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation J B Jastrab 2015 Rv3780 promoted robust degradation of the heat shock protein repressor, HspR. Rv3780 mutant had a general growth defect, was sensitive to heat stress, and was attenuated for growth in mice. P9WKX5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:11518 rv3679 Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) putative ATPase unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation M Whitaker 2020 Δrv3679-80 mutant suffered from a glycerol-dependent recovery defect on agar plates following mouse infection. P9WMF9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:124257 | PHI:3614 devR | dosR | dosR (devR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis moths | rodents Galleria mellonella (related: greater wax moth) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) transcriptional regulator | two-component regulatory systems increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene deletion: full; gene complementation | gene mutation; gene complementation M Asai 2022 | T Parish 2003 Larval challenge with ΔdosR led to significant (p < 0.01) potentiation of virulence relative to WT, with larval survival of 30% and 53%. P9WMT3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:7453 TadA Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) inner membrane ATPase that drives pilin assembly unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full K M Mann 2016 It was found that neither MTP nor the hypothetical Flp pilus was required for Mtb survival in mouse models of infection, although MTP can contribute to biofilm formation and subsequent isoniazid tolerance. P9WMU1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:11332 Rv2145c Mycolicibacterium smegmatis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) cell wall synthesis protein increased virulence (hypervirulence) heterologous expression; altered gene expression/ gene regulation: overexpression | other evidence: recombinant protein H S Park 2021 Rv2145c significantly enhanced intracellular Mtb growth in BMDMs which was abrogated by STAT3 inhibition and IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) blockade. | The clearance of Rv2145c-expressing M. smegmatis in the lungs and spleens of mice was delayed, and these effects were abrogated by administration of anti-IL-10R antibodies. P9WN21 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:6486 | PHI:6487 GLPX | GPM2 Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) fructose bisphosphatase loss of pathogenicity | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation U Ganapathy 2015 Deletion of both GLPX and GPM2 is required for disruption of gluconeogenesis and attenuation of Mtb in a mouse model of infection. P9WN39 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:7587 Rv2220 (glnA1) Mycobacterium tuberculosis primates Homo sapiens (related: human) glutamine synthetase increased virulence (hypervirulence) altered gene expression / gene regulation: overexpression L Danelishvili 2015 In vitro studies revealed no differences between Mtb parental strain and Rv2626c knockout clone growth within human macrophages; however, the Rv2626c knockout clone showed significantly lower levels of cell necrosis evident at 5 days post-infection. P9WN43 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:6731 glgC Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase reduced virulence gene mutation H K Brandl 2016 alpha-Glucan biosynthesis in mycobacteria is carried out by GlgC-GlgA, Rv3032 and TreS-Pep2-GlgE pathways. P9WN99 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:7982 rodA Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Cavia porcellus (related: domestic guinea pig) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) transglycosylase reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full | gene deletion: full; gene complementation D Arora 2018 In a guinea pig infection model, RodA and PbpA were found to be required for both, bacterial survival as well as formation of granuloma structures. P9WNC3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:3627 Rv2924c Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) formamidopyrimidine-DNA-glycosylase unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation R A McAdam 2002 P9WPD1 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:9919 clpB Mycobacterium tuberculosis primates Homo sapiens (related: human) chaperone protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation P Tripathi 2020 The disruption of ClpB resulted in aberrant cellular morphology, impaired biofilm formation and reduced infectivity of Mtb ex vivo. P9WQ19 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:6732 treS Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) trehalose synthase reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation H K Brandl 2016 alpha-Glucan biosynthesis in mycobacteria is carried out by GlgC-GlgA, Rv3032 and TreS-Pep2-GlgE pathways. P9WQD6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:4196 KasB Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) a crucial mycolic acid biosynthetic enzyme reduced virulence gene mutation C Vilchèze 2014 P9WQE7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:7220 ppsA Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) phthiocerol synthesis polyketide synthase reduced virulence gene mutation B M Cumming 2017 Infection with the Mtb whiB3 mutant or polyketide mutants had little effect on the macrophage cell cycle and emulated the uninfected cells. P9WQE9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:7221 pks2 Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) polyketide synthase reduced virulence gene mutation B M Cumming 2017 Infection with the Mtb whiB3 mutant or polyketide mutants had little effect on the macrophage cell cycle and emulated the uninfected cells. P9WQJ1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:9596 Rv1273c Mycolicibacterium smegmatis primates Homo sapiens (related: human) ABC transporter increased virulence (hypervirulence) heterologous expression S Gupta 2019 Expression of Rv1273c resulted in enhanced intracellular survival of of M. smegmatis in macrophage as well as modified cell wall architecture. Q02QT9 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 opportunistic infection PHI:3243 lsfA Pseudomonas aeruginosa rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) 1-Cys peroxiredoxin with thioldependent peroxidase activity reduced virulence gene mutation: characterised; gene complementation G H Kaihami 2014 LsfA is important for oxidative stress resistance in P. aeruginosa Q02RX2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:3915 SuhB Pseudomonas aeruginosa rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) an essential gene for the T3SS gene expression loss of pathogenicity gene mutation K Li 2013 Q02SF0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 opportunistic infection PHI:10647 YbeY (PA14_12310) Pseudomonas aeruginosa primates | rodents Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) endoribonuclease reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation Y Xia 2020 YbeY mutant was more susceptible to H2O2 and neutrophil-mediated killing. Q04LM6 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 pneumonia; otitis media; septicemia; meningitis PHI:3913 SpMsrAB2 Streptococcus pneumoniae rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) methionine sulfoxide reductase reduced virulence gene mutation M Saleh 2013 both Etrx1 and Etrx2 can function as redox partners for SpMsrAB2 since the inactivation of both Etrx proteins or SpMsrAB2 renders pneumococci, to varying degrees, sensitive to extracellular peroxide stress. Q09JB7 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 brown spot PHI:2482 AlHK1 Alternaria longipes eudicots Nicotiana tabacum (related: common tobacco) group III two-component histidine kinase increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene deletion: full Yi Yong Luo Resistance of the mutants to the fungicides is the same as wildtype i.e. resistant to dicarboximide, phenylpyrrole and aromatic hydrocarbon fungicides; mutants more sensitive to osmotic stress Q0U9D3 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Septoria nodorum blotch PHI:7569 NIK1 Parastagonospora nodorum monocots Triticum aestivum (related: bread wheat) histidine kinase unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation E John 2016 Both Δnik1 and Δhog1 mutants retained the ability to infect and cause necrotic lesions on wheat, wherein, HOG1, but not NIK1, was required for tolerance to heat stress in vitro and for full pycnidiation in planta. Q180Y6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 pseudomembranous colitis PHI:10717 Rho Clostridioides difficile rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) transcription termination factor Rho reduced virulence gene mutation D Trzilova 2020 Rho was important for initial colonization of the intestine in a mouse model of infection, which may in part be due to the sporulation and growth defects observed in the rho mutants. Q1A1Y7 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 cryptococcosis PHI:599 TCO1 Cryptococcus neoformans rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) putative histidine sensor kinase reduced virulence gene disruption; gene complementation Bahn et al. Mating defective Q2FD70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 pneumonia; bloodstream infection PHI:6384 adeB Acinetobacter baumannii rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) multidrug efflux protein unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation E Yoon 2016 Q2FGH0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 skin infection; food poisoning; respiratory disease PHI:124086 sodA (SAUSA300_1513) Staphylococcus aureus rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) superoxide dismutases reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation C E Butrico 2023 sodA mutant exhibits attenuated survival in vitro in high glucose and in vivo during osteomyelitis in hyperglycemic mice. | sodA mutant-infected euglycemic mice showed no differences in burdens in the infected femurs at day 14 postinfection. | sodA sodM mutants had significantly less weight loss at multiple days postinfection compared to mice infected with WT Q2FH26 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 skin infection; food poisoning; respiratory disease PHI:7353 odhB Staphylococcus aureus bony fishes Danio rerio (related: zebrafish) dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation J Connolly 2017 The ability of purine biosynthesis mutants to grow in nutrient rich media suggested that purA and purB have a requirement for nutrients not readily available in human serum, whole blood and the live zebrafish. Q2FH36 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 skin infection; food poisoning; respiratory disease PHI:11162 msaB Staphylococcus aureus primates | rodents Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) cold shock protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation S Pandey 2019 The msaABCR (msaB) mutant cells were significantly defective in intracellular survival within macrophages, human neutrophils, and whole-blood cells. | The msaABCR mutant cells were significantly defective in intracellular survival within macrophages, human neutrophils, and whole-blood cells. Q2FWE8 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 prosthetic joint infection PHI:10773 atpA Staphylococcus aureus primates | rodents Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) ATP synthase subunit alpha reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation M E Bosch 2020 Coculture of MDSCs and macrophages with ΔatpA biofilm elicited significant increases in the proinflammatory cytokines. | In a mouse model of prosthetic joint infection (PJI), ΔatpA-infected mice had decreased MDSCs concomitant with increased monocyte/ macrophage infiltrates and proinflammatory cytokine production, which resulted in biofilm clearance. Q2FYQ0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 skin infection; food poisoning; respiratory disease PHI:11314 | PHI:9450 | PHI:9760 PstB Staphylococcus aureus rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) phosphate import ATP-binding protein reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity altered gene expression / gene regulation: overexpression | gene deletion: full; gene complementation | gene mutation; gene complementation J L Kelliher 2017 | J L Kelliher 2018 | J L Kelliher 2020 Inorganic phosphate uptake by S. aureus differs from established models and that acquisition of a third transporter enhances the ability of the bacterium to cause infection | Overexpression of pstSCAB decreased the virulence of S. aureus and renders it more sensitive to nutritional immunity. | PhoPR regulated factors, in addition to Pi transporters, were critical for staphylococcal pathogenesis. Q2P6Z0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 leaf blight PHI:124761 ClpP Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) ATP-dependent Clp protease reduced virulence gene deletion: full ; gene complementation Y Ni 2021 The reduced lesions formed on rice leaves that were inoculated with ΔClpP than the Zj173 and complementary. Q2YIV2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 brucellosis PHI:9126 bab2_0277 Brucella abortus rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) choline dehydrogenase reduced virulence gene disruption; gene complementation J A Budnick 2018 Mutants Δbab2_0822, Δbab2_1109 and Δbab2_0700 were less able to survive and replicate in the macrophages than parental strain 2308 at 48 h postinfection, while the other deletion strains displayed wild-type levels of infection. Q2YLF3 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 brucellosis PHI:10246 prpA Brucella abortus rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) 4-hydroxyproline epimerase reduced virulence altered gene expression / gene regulation: overexpression | gene deletion: full; gene complementation | gene mutation J M Spera 2018 Palmitoylation sites were required for PrpA immunomodulatory activities in vivo. Q2YPX1 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 brucellosis PHI:124329 ClpP Brucella abortus rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) protease reduced virulence gene deletion: full ; gene complementation D Sun 2023 Deletion of clpP significantly affected Brucella virulence in macrophage and mouse infection models. Q2YPX3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 brucellosis PHI:8922 lon Brucella abortus rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) Lon protease reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation; gene complementation Y Liu 2019 Lon protein was involved in resistance to various stress conditions and all the beta-lactam antibiotics tested. Q2YQ23 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 brucellosis PHI:9134 bab1_1070 Brucella abortus rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) NADPH dehydrogenase unaffected pathogenicity gene disruption; gene complementation J A Budnick 2018 Mutants Δbab2_0822, Δbab2_1109 and Δbab2_0700 were less able to survive and replicate in the macrophages than parental strain 2308 at 48 h postinfection, while the other deletion strains displayed wild-type levels of infection. Q3IZC2 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial wilt PHI:10842 RSp0930 Ralstonia solanacearum eudicots Nicotiana benthamiana (no common name found)(non-host bioassay) | Solanum melongena (related: eggplant) effector protein effector (plant avirulence determinant) gene deletion: full N Lei 2020 All the core and extended core T3Es are nearly crucial for virulence of OE1-1 toward host plants. Q3J038 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial wilt PHI:10834 RSp0672 Ralstonia solanacearum eudicots Nicotiana benthamiana (no common name found)(non-host bioassay) | Solanum melongena (related: eggplant) effector protein effector (plant avirulence determinant) gene deletion: full N Lei 2020 All the core and extended core T3Es are nearly crucial for virulence of OE1-1 toward host plants. Q48412 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 pneumonia PHI:7476 RomA (VK055_1984) Klebsiella pneumoniae rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily protein unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full M Palacios 2017 The virulence defect of the smr mutant could be attributed to the loss of FepB, a periplasmic protein required for import of the siderophore enterobactin. Q4UQD0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:3259 XC_3703 Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Raphanus sativus (related: radish) cyclic di-GMP effectors effector (plant avirulence determinant) | reduced virulence gene deletion: full S An 2014 Q4UQG3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:3799 hpaR2 Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Raphanus sativus (related: radish) encodes a putative TCS response regulator reduced virulence gene deletion; gene complementation R Li 2013 Q4UQI1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:123728 | PHI:123733 fabA (XC_3651) Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Brassica oleracea (no common name found) 3-hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene deletion: full; gene complementation Y-H Yu 2022 ΔfabA strain produced large quantity of UFAs and result indicated that the FabA-FabB pathway is not essential for growth or UFA synthesis in X. campestris pv. Campestris. Q4UQL6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:3957 XC_3615 Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Raphanus sativus (related: radish) electron transfer flavoprotein alpha subunit reduced virulence gene mutation A O'Connell 2013 Q4UR27 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:3956 XC_3452 Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Raphanus sativus (related: radish) two-component regulatory protein reduced virulence gene mutation A O'Connell 2013 Q4URA5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:3955 XC_3374 Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Raphanus sativus (related: radish) asparaginase reduced virulence gene mutation A O'Connell 2013 Q4URJ2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:3954 XC_3287 Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Raphanus sativus (related: radish) phosphoglycerate mutase reduced virulence gene mutation A O'Connell 2013 Q4URQ8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot (Cruciferae) PHI:2496 XC3221 Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Raphanus sativus (related: radish) cyclic di-GMP binding protein domain; proteins with this domain are involved in regulation of specific cellular processes, including the virulence of animal pathogens reduced virulence gene mutation: characterised; gene complementation Yvonne Mc Carthy no comments Q4UU61 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:3953 XC_2359 Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Raphanus sativus (related: radish) elongation factor P reduced virulence gene mutation A O'Connell 2013 Q4UUL4 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 black rot PHI:3945 XC_2203 Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Raphanus sativus (related: radish) nucleotide diphosphate kinase reduced virulence gene mutation A O'Connell 2013 Q4UUQ5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:3967 XC_2162 Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Raphanus sativus (related: radish) hypothetical protein with peptidase M14 domain reduced virulence gene mutation A O'Connell 2013 Q4UVI4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:3944 XC_1876 Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Raphanus sativus (related: radish) argininosuccinate lyase reduced virulence gene mutation A O'Connell 2013 Q4UWE2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:3966 XC_1565 Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Raphanus sativus (related: radish) N-5-glutamine S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase reduced virulence gene mutation A O'Connell 2013 Q4UWJ5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:3952 XC_1510 Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Raphanus sativus (related: radish) TldD protein, DNA gyrase control? reduced virulence gene mutation A O'Connell 2013 Q4UX46 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:11054 XC_1308 (hprK) Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Raphanus sativus (related: radish) Hpr(ser) kinase/phosphatase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation R F Li 2019 Mutation in HprKXcc reduced the in planta fitness during the symptom development. Q4UXH1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:3964 XC_1182 Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Raphanus sativus (related: radish) glutathione synthetase reduced virulence gene mutation A O'Connell 2013 Q4UY20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:3943 XC_0979 Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Raphanus sativus (related: radish) fructose-bisphosphate aldolase reduced virulence gene mutation A O'Connell 2013 Q4UYA7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:3950 XC_0892 Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Raphanus sativus (related: radish) glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase reduced virulence gene mutation A O'Connell 2013 Q4UYV4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:3946 XC_0690 Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Raphanus sativus (related: radish) sugar kinase, adenosine kinase reduced virulence gene mutation A O'Connell 2013 Q4UYZ7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:3963 XC_0646 Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Raphanus sativus (related: radish) carboxyltransferase reduced virulence gene mutation A O'Connell 2013 Q4UZ13 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 black rot PHI:3962 XC_0630 Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Raphanus sativus (related: radish) hypothetical protein with AIM24 domain reduced virulence gene mutation A O'Connell 2013 Q4UZD3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:3942 XC_0509 Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Raphanus sativus (related: radish) phosphoribosylamine-glycine ligase reduced virulence gene mutation A O'Connell 2013 Q4UZG1 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:3941 XC_0481 Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Raphanus sativus (related: radish) anthranilate synthase component II reduced virulence gene mutation A O'Connell 2013 Q4UZJ1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:3948 XC_0450 Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Raphanus sativus (related: radish) 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate deoxygenase reduced virulence gene mutation A O'Connell 2013 Q4V006 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:3947 XC_0281 Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Raphanus sativus (related: radish) oxidoreductase reduced virulence gene mutation A O'Connell 2013 Q4WER9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 invasive pulmonary aspergillosis PHI:8934 ldpA (Afu5g03980) Aspergillus fumigatus rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) LysM domain protein, putative unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full Y Muraosa 2019 The deletion of A. fumigatus ldpA and ldpB did not affect cell wall integrity or chitin content. Q4WEU7 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 pulmonary aspergillosis PHI:9541 cysD Aspergillus fumigatus rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) homocysteine synthase unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full J Scott 2019 P. aeruginosa could cross-feed A. fumigatus when grown on murine lung tissue and on human bronchial epithelial cells. Q4WIQ3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 invasive pulmonary aspergillosis PHI:3277 gnoA Aspergillus fumigatus rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) S-nitrosoglutathione reductase unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation K Lapp 2014 All mutant strains tested displayed wild-type pathogenicity. Q4WLB9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 invasive pulmonary aspergillosis PHI:4015 CfmA Aspergillus fumigatus rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) cell-wall proteins unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation Y Vaknin 2013 Q4WMS3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 invasive pulmonary aspergillosis PHI:2549 MAK5 Aspergillus fumigatus probable RNA-helicase of the DEAD box family lethal altered gene expression / gene regulation Wenqi Hu no comments Q4X099 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 invasive pulmonary aspergillosis PHI:2638 Ilv3A Aspergillus fumigatus rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) dihydroxyacid dehydratase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation J D Oliver 2013 no comments Q4X0J6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 invasive pulmonary aspergillosis PHI:2517 TRPS Aspergillus fumigatus tryptophan synthase lethal altered gene expression / gene regulation Wenqi Hu no comments Q50604 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:3923 cor Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) carbon monoxide resistance gene reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation V M Zacharia 2013 Disruption of Rv1829 (carbon monoxide resistance, Cor) leads to marked CO sensitivity. Q51368 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection | pneumonia PHI:6942 | PHI:8066 tonB1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa moths | rodents Galleria mellonella (related: Greater wax moth) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) fe3+ transport | periplasmic protein loss of pathogenicity | reduced virulence gene mutation | gene mutation; gene complementation F Minandri 2016 | M Pasqua 2017 By investigating a P. aeruginosa conditional fur mutant, it was demonstrated that Fur was not essential for P. aeruginosa growth in liquid media, biofilm formation, and pathogenicity in an insect model of infection, conversely, Fur was essential for growth on solid media since Fur-depleted cells were severely impaired in colony formation. | Deletion of fpvR in the pvdA background partially restored the lethal phenotype, indicating that pyoverdine contributes to the pathogenesis of P.aeruginosa lung infection by combining iron transport and virulence-inducing capabilities. Q51479 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:5444 PA0517 Pseudomonas aeruginosa moths | rodents Galleria mellonella (related: greater wax moth) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) cell envelope protein unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation R Fernández-Piñar 2015 LptH and LolA, responsible for lipopolysaccharide and lipoproteins transport to the outer membrane respectively, and confirmed that they are important for cell envelope stability. LptH was also found to be essential for P. aeruginosaability to cause infection in different animal models. Q54972 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 pneumococcal pneumonia PHI:9383 PspA Streptococcus pneumoniae primates Homo sapiens (related: human) pneumococcal surface protein A reduced virulence gene mutation P J Martinez 2019 PspA mutants were more susceptible to bactericidal effects of NETs. Q55RM6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 fungal meningitis PHI:8511 LAS17 (CNBE5050) Cryptococcus neoformans rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) hypothetical protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full G Bairwa 2018 Clathrin-mediated endocytosis component Las17 was required for capsule and melanin production, and for virulence. Q56928 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 yersiniosis PHI:6403 hfq Yersinia enterocolitica rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) multiple regulator reduced virulence gene mutation T K Kakoschke 2016 Hfq is a global coordinator of surface virulence determinants in Y. enterocolitica suggesting that it constitutes an attractive target for developing new antimicrobial strategies. Q59636 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 nosocomial infection PHI:6438 Ndk Pseudomonas aeruginosa rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) host-responsive regulator/nucleoside diphosphate kinase increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene mutation H Yu 2016 In vivo studies demonstrated that the ndk mutant exhibits enhanced cytotoxicity and host pathogenicity by increasing T3SS proteins. Q5ALW4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 disseminated candidiasis PHI:8741 Pah1 Candida albicans rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) phosphatidate phosphatase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation C Mu 2019 Deleting PAH1 caused multiple phenotypes, especially severe hyphal defects, increased sensitivity to cell wall stress, and reduced virulence in mice. Q5GWK0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial leaf blight PHI:8033 PhoR Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) two-component signal transduction system histidine kinase reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full | gene deletion: full; gene complementation D Zheng 2018 Growth in phosphate-rich medium and virulence on host rice were reduced in the phoR-deleted mutant, whereas these phenotypes were not affected by the absence of phoB or phoBR. Q5GWK1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial leaf blight PHI:8032 PhoB Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) two-component signal transduction system response regulator unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full D Zheng 2018 Growth in phosphate-rich medium and virulence on host rice were reduced in the phoR-deleted mutant, whereas these phenotypes were not affected by the absence of phoB or phoBR. Q5H3K9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial blight (rice) PHI:2445 ColR Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) reduced virulence gene disruption; gene complementation Sujatha Subramoni no comments Q5KEF4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 fungal meningitis PHI:4575 NTH2 Cryptococcus neoformans rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) trehalose homeostasis increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene deletion: full M R Botts 2014 Q5NEQ5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 tularemia PHI:5415 FTT1564 Francisella tularensis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) potential virulence factor unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation A Wallqvist 2015 Q5ZUD9 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 Legionnaires' disease PHI:6609 ClpP Legionella pneumophila rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) involved in various cellular processes as well as virulence in bacteria reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation B Zhao 2016 The clpP-deficient L. pneumophila strain failed to replicate and was digested in the first 3 h post-infection in mammalian cells J774A.1. Q5ZVD8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 Legionnaires' disease PHI:6520 LpdA Legionella pneumophila rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) effector (plant avirulence determinant) effector (plant avirulence determinant) gene deletion: full G N Schroeder 2015 L. pneumophila lpdA mutant displayed reduced replication in murine lungs, suggesting that it is a virulence factor contributing to L. pneumophila infection in vivo. Q63RC4 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 melioidosis PHI:10712 BPSL2748 Burkholderia pseudomallei rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) alkyl hydroperoxide reductase C unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation S Welkos 2020 BPSS1996 was an important B. pseudomallei virulence factor, on the other hand, BPSL2748, was not required for virulence. Q63WT5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 melioidosis PHI:123859 QseB (Q63WT5) Burkholderia pseudomallei rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) response regulator protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation C Meethai 2023 At 4, 6, 8 and 24 h post-infection the numbers of intracellular ΔqseB mutant were significantly reduced compared to the wild-type strain. Q63XK2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 melioidosis PHI:124210 KdsD (BPSL0538) Burkholderia pseudomallei rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) arabinose 5-phosphate isomerase loss of pathogenicity gene deletion: full ; gene complementation C H Jenkins 2023 Deletion of kdsD resulted in growth defects, loss of motility, reduced survival in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages, and attenuation in a BALB/ c mouse model of melioidosis. Q66WP9 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black spot PHI:1053 | PHI:2288 AbNIK1 | abnik1 Alternaria brassicicola eudicots Brassica oleracea (no common name found) | Raphanus sativus (related: radish) group III histidine kinase | histidine kinase reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation | sequence analysis of sensitive and resistant strains Iacomi-Vasilescu et al. | Yangrae Cho 1% Tryptone restores the pathogeneticity of deletion mutants. /Currently available data suggest that the loss of virulence is associated with the mutants' abilities to cope with uncharacterized host defence mechanisms. The growth rates of hyphal tips were similar between delta abnik1 mutants and wild type in the presence of 2% and 4% NaCl. / In contrast, the growth of aerial hyphae and subsequent conidiation were severely affected in the mutants compared with the wild type in the presence of both 2% and 4% NaCl | dicarboximide resistant isolate unaffected pathogenicity in single inoculation, but less aggressive in mixed inoculation with wildtype Field and laboratory isolates characterised for sensitivity to dicarboximide fungicides in Avenot et al. 2005, Current Genetics,47, 234 - 243 Q6A3P9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 invasive pulmonary aspergillosis PHI:123890 ureB (AFUA_1G04560) Aspergillus fumigatus rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) urease reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation Z Xiong 2023 The urease deficient mutant displays attenuated virulence Q6CZA0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuber rot; blackleg disease PHI:2695 metJ Pectobacterium atrosepticum eudicots Solanum tuberosum (related: potato) repressor of the methionine biosynthesis regulon reduced virulence gene mutation M F Cubitt no comments Q6F4K2 2.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial cold-water disease PHI:848 GyrA Flavobacterium psychrophilum bony fishes Oncorhynchus mykiss (related: rainbow trout) DNA gyrase (bacterial topoisomerase II) chemistry target: resistance to chemical sequence analysis of sensitive and resistant strains Izumi and Aranishi Resistant allele Q6F4M1 2.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial cold-water disease PHI:847 GyrA Flavobacterium psychrophilum bony fishes Oncorhynchus kisutch (related: coho salmon) DNA gyrase (bacterial topoisomerase II) chemistry target: sensitivity to chemical sequence analysis of sensitive and resistant strains Izumi and Aranishi Susceptible allele Q6MX39 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:3633 UmaA1 Mycobacterium tuberculosis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) unknown mycolic acid methyltransferase increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene mutation R A McAdam 2002 Q6MX50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 non-pathogenic PHI:10921 Rv0297 Mycolicibacterium smegmatis primates Homo sapiens (related: human) PE-PGRS family protein unaffected pathogenicity other evidence: recombinant protein T Sharma 2020 Macrophages infected with rM.smeg expressing Rv0297 produced nitric oxide and underwent apoptosis, which aided in the dissemination of pathogen in the later stages aof infection. Q6NF92 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 diphtheria PHI:11203 ftsH Corynebacterium diphtheriae nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease unaffected pathogenicity altered gene expression / gene regulation: overexpression T T Luong 2021 The Δrnj mutant was severely attenuated in virulence in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of infection, while the FtsH-overexpressing and toxin-less strains exhibit full virulence as the wild-type strain. Q6XVN4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 cryptococcosis PHI:668 GNO1 Cryptococcus neoformans rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) GSNO reductase reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene disruption de Jesus-Berrios et al Tested in A/Jcr mice | Tested in A/Jcr mice; Significantly more attenuated for virulence than the fhb1 and gno1 single mutants Q75WC1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial grain rot PHI:849 GyrA Burkholderia glumae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) DNA gyrase (bacterial topoisomerase II) chemistry target: resistance to chemical | chemistry target: sensitivity to chemical gene mutation: characterised | sequence analysis of sensitive and resistant strains Maeda et al. Field isolates, isolated from rice seedlings grown from OA-treated seeds, MIC determined by growth on PY agar with serial dilutions of OA. Grouped into OA sensitive (Ser83) (wild-type), moderately resistant (Arg83) and resistant (Ile83). Q75WC2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial grain rot PHI:850 GyrA Burkholderia glumae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) DNA gyrase (bacterial topoisomerase II) chemistry target: resistance to chemical | chemistry target: sensitivity to chemical gene mutation: characterised | sequence analysis of sensitive and resistant strains Maeda et al. Field isolates, isolated from rice seedlings grown from OA-treated seeds, MIC determined by growth on PY agar with serial dilutions of OA. Grouped into OA sensitive (Ser83) (wild-type), moderately resistant (Arg83) and resistant (Ile83). Q75WC3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial grain rot PHI:851 GyrA Burkholderia glumae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) DNA gyrase (bacterial topoisomerase II) chemistry target: resistance to chemical | chemistry target: sensitivity to chemical gene mutation: characterised | sequence analysis of sensitive and resistant strains Maeda et al. Field isolates, isolated from rice seedlings grown from OA-treated seeds, MIC determined by growth on PY agar with serial dilutions of OA. Grouped into OA sensitive (Ser83) (wild-type), moderately resistant (Arg83) and resistant (Ile83). Q75WC4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial grain rot PHI:852 GyrA Burkholderia glumae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) DNA gyrase (bacterial topoisomerase II) chemistry target: resistance to chemical | chemistry target: sensitivity to chemical gene mutation: characterised | sequence analysis of sensitive and resistant strains Maeda et al. Field isolates, isolated from rice seedlings grown from OA-treated seeds, MIC determined by growth on PY agar with serial dilutions of OA. Grouped into OA sensitive (Ser83) (wild-type), moderately resistant (Arg83) and resistant (Ile83). Q75WC5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial grain rot PHI:6838 | PHI:824 GyrA | gyrA Burkholderia glumae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) DNA gyrase | DNA gyrase (bacterial topoisomerase II) chemistry target: resistance to chemical | chemistry target: sensitivity to chemical | loss of pathogenicity | reduced virulence gene mutation | gene mutation: characterised | sequence analysis of sensitive and resistant strains Maeda et al. | Y Maeda 2007 Field isolates, isolated from rice seedlings grown from OA-treated seeds, MIC determined by growth on PY agar with serial dilutions of OA. Grouped into OA sensitive (Ser83) (wild-type), moderately resistant (Arg83) and resistant (Ile83). | Oxolinic acid application may lead to an increase in the ability of GyrA recombinants, especially those with Ser83Arg in GyrA, to grow in rice spikelets. Q7CQ10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:6895 iscR Salmonella enterica rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) Fe-S cluster sensor reduced virulence gene mutation A Vergnes 2016 IscU mutant to invade epithelial cells much less efficiently than the wild-type, whereas the sufBC mutant invasion showed no defect compared to the wild-type, iscR mutant presented an efficiency of entry 1.44-fold higher than the wild-type strain. Q7CQY3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:11509 fur Salmonella enterica rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) ferric uptake regulation protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation S Wang 2019 The clpV and fur mutant strains were defective in intramacrophage survival compared to S. Typhimurium wild-type. Q7CR43 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 gastroenteritis PHI:123534 phoB Salmonella enterica rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) transcriptional regulator reduced virulence gene deletion: full L Jiang 2020 Loss of phoB significantly decreased bacterial replication in RAW264.7 cells | Loss of phoB significantly decreased virulence in mouse model of infection. Q7CWA3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 crown gall PHI:10827 bfr (atu2771) Agrobacterium tumefaciens eudicots Kalanchoe daigremontiana (related: devil's backbone) | Solanum tuberosum (related: potato) bacterioferritin reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation J Yang 2020 The tumour induced by each of three ferritin-deficient mutants is less than that of the wild type. Q7VN44 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 chancroid PHI:4104 hfq Haemophilus ducreyi primates Homo sapiens (related: human) stationary-phase and virulence gene regulation reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation D Gangaiah 2014 In vitro growth of the mutant was complimented with full lenght gene. No complimentation of virlence study mentioned Q7VNE6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 chancroid PHI:6572 dksA Haemophilus ducreyi primates Homo sapiens (related: human) RNA polymerase-binding transcription factor reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation C L Holley 2015 DksA and (p)ppGpp Have Unique and Overlapping Contributions to Haemophilus ducreyi Pathogenesis in Humans. Q7VTC1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 pertussis PHI:11120 rplN Bordetella pertussis primates | rodents Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) 50S ribosomal protein increased virulence (hypervirulence) | unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation J Novak 2020 The mutant survived like the parental bacteria for >2 weeks inside infected primary human macrophages and persisted within infected mouse lungs for a longer period than wild-type B. pertussis. Q7VWL6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 pertussis PHI:9251 | PHI:9574 Hfq | hfq Bordetella pertussis primates Homo sapiens (related: human) RNA-binding protein | putative RNA-binding regulatory protein reduced virulence gene mutation A Dienstbier 2019 | J A Hayes 2019 The increase of B. pertussis oxidative stress tolerance in response to low iron availability depended on Hfq. | ΔHfq strain displayed strongly impaired secretion of substrates of Type III secretion system (T3SS) and substantially reduced resistance to serum killing. Q7W6Q2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 pertussis PHI:3532 Hfq Bordetella pertussis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) RNA chaperone reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation I Bibova 2013 Q7WTQ9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 fire blight PHI:2469 AcrB Erwinia amylovora eudicots Malus domestica (related: apple) multidrug efflux pump reduced virulence gene disruption; gene complementation Antje Burse The AcrAB transport system plays an important role during host plant colonization as a resistance mechanism against plant defense as the mutants are more susceptible to the compunds mentioned in the inducer column Q81LW0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 PHI:9968 sodA1 Bacillus cereus moths Helicoverpa armigera (related: cotton bollworm) superoxide dismutase reduced virulence gene deletion: full J Zhang 2020 Mutant lacking all four sod genesc aused a reduced death rate of H. armigera of 46.70%, which was slightly higher than that caused by the ΔsodS and ΔsodC strains. Q82ZX2 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 3.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:2971 CspR Enterococcus faecalis moths | rodents Galleria mellonella (related: greater wax moth) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) cold shock protein reduced virulence gene deletion: partial; gene complementation C Michaux 2012 Mutant strain was more impaired in its growth than the parental strain under cold conditions and in its long-term survival under nutrient starvation Q86ZF8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 white muscardine PHI:6199 BbCypA Beauveria bassiana moths Galleria mellonella (related: Greater wax moth) cyclophilin unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation Y Zhou 2016 Q87F38 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Pierce disease of grapes and Citrus variegated chlorosis (cvc) PHI:124822 copA (PD0100) Xylella fastidiosa eudicot Nicotiana benthamiana (no common name found) copper homeostasis genes reduced virulence gene deletion: full Q Ge 2021 copA mutant showed less symptoms compared to wild type under both water and CuSO4 treatment. Q87WP3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial speck (tomato) PHI:6594 carA Pseudomonas syringae eudicots Arabidopsis thaliana (related: thale cress) | Solanum lycopersicum (related: Tomato) encodes the predicted small chain of carbamoylphosphate synthetase reduced virulence gene disruption; gene complementation B G Butcher 2016 deltacarA showed reduced fitness in tomato as well as Arabidopsis when compared to the wild-type strain. Q87XK7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial speck (tomato) PHI:10621 aatJ (PSPTO_4171) Pseudomonas syringae eudicots Arabidopsis thaliana (related: Thale cress) substrate-binding protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation Q Yan 2020 Mutants of P. syringae strain DC3000 lacking aauS, aauR or aatJ had decreased T3SS deployment and virulence during infection of Arabidopsis. Q882D7 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial speck (tomato) PHI:3118 PSPTO_2691 Pseudomonas syringae eudicots Nicotiana tabacum (related: common tobacco) | Solanum lycopersicum (related: tomato) membrane protein, TerC family unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation H N Lam 2014 PSPTO_5633 appears to be a weak Type III secretion effector. Since PSPTO_5633 translocates poorly in DC3000, its translocation may be undetectable inP. fluorescens. Q88AF6 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial speck PHI:123321 thiG (pspto_0434) Pseudomonas syringae eudicots Solanum lycopersicum (related: Tomato) thiazole synthase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation J Liu 2022 TBS pathwayand ApbE play an important role in growth, colonization, and disease development in PstDC3000 Q88BC5 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial speck (tomato) PHI:7787 AldA (PSPTO_0092) Pseudomonas syringae eudicots Arabidopsis thaliana (related: thale cress) indole-3-acetaldehyde dehydrogenase reduced virulence gene disruption | gene disruption; gene complementation S A McClerklin 2018 Disruption of aldA and a close homolog, aldB, lead to reduced IAA production in culture and reduced virulence on A. thaliana. Q88BE4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial speck (tomato) PHI:4596 spoT Pseudomonas syringae eudicots Solanum lycopersicum (related: tomato) guanosine-3,5-bis(diphosphate) 3-pyrophosphohydrolase lethal | reduced virulence gene mutation | gene mutation; gene complementation T Chatnaparat 2015 (p)ppGpp is required fro oxidative response Q8DYL6 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 group B streptococcal infection PHI:11576 uvrB Streptococcus agalactiae primates Homo sapiens (related: human) excinuclease ABC, B subunit unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation L Zhu 2020 Deletion of srr1 increased GBS fitness in whole blood. Q8J1W4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 ergot PHI:291 CPPH1 Claviceps purpurea monocots Secale cereale (related: rye) hydrophobin unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion Mey et al. Q8NL12 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 canker (Citrus) PHI:8676 hupB (XAC1081) Xanthomonas citri eudicots Citrus x limon (related: lemon) histone-like protein reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation V P Conforte 2018 The hupB mutant was essentially non-motile as absecne of HupB led to the loss of flagellum. Q8P471 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:3283 ampG Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Brassica oleracea (no common name found) b-lactamase induction increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene disruption; gene complementation T Yang 2014 Q8P5T8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:12070 spoT Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Raphanus sativus (related: radish) guanosine-3',5'-bis(diphosphate) 3'-diphosphatase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation K Bai 2021 The expression of spoT was of much greater importance than that of relA in the pathogenicity of Xcc. Q8P8Q1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:3112 galU Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Brassica oleracea (no common name found) uridine triphosphate (UTP)-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase loss of pathogenicity gene mutation: characterised; gene complementation C Liao 2014 Q8P998 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:12174 clpA Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Brassica oleracea (no common name found) AAA+ family ATPase subunit reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation H H Lo 2022 The inactivation of clpA, but not of clpS, resulted in susceptibility to high temperature and attenuated virulence in the host plant. Q8P999 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:12175 clpS Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Brassica oleracea (no common name found) adaptor protein unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation H H Lo 2022 The inactivation of clpA, but not of clpS, resulted in susceptibility to high temperature and attenuated virulence in the host plant. Q8PAN9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:123430 saxF (XCC1440) Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Brassica oleracea (no common name found) efflux pump membrane transporter reduced virulence gene mutation B Wang 2022 secondary metabolite sulforaphane (SFN) in crucifers inhibits the growth, virulence, and ability of Xanthomonas species to adapt to oxidative stress, which is essential for the successful infection of host plants by phytopathogens Q8PBY5 2.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:9833 clpX Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Brassica oleracea (no common name found) ATP-binding subunit of ATP-dependent Clp protease reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation H H Lo 2019 The clpX mutant exhibited reduced bacterial attachment, extracellular enzyme production and virulence. Q8PBY6 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 black rot PHI:10726 clpP Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Brassica oleracea (no common name found) ATP-dependent Clp protease proteolytic subunit reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation C E Li 2020 Inactivation of clpP also revealed an attenuation of virulence on the host plant and a reduction in the production of extracellular cellulase, mannanase, pectinase, and protease. Q8PC98 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 black rot PHI:7945 pip (proline iminopeptidase) Xanthomonas campestris eudicots Arabidopsis thaliana (related: thale cress) | Brassica oleracea (no common name found) | Nicotiana tabacum (related: common tobacco) effector protein effector (plant avirulence determinant) altered gene expression / gene regulation: overexpression | functional test in host: transient expression | gene mutation; functional test in host: transient expression | gene mutation; other evidence: transgenic plants | other evidence: transgenic plants J Kan 2018 Pip transgenic Arabidopsis plants were more susceptible to Xcc than their wild-type counterparts were, and that PIP enzymatic activity played an important role in repressing host resistance. Q8PEW5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 canker (Citrus) PHI:124300 xylA2 (XAC4225) Xanthomonas citri eudicots Citrus x aurantiifolia (related: lime) putative XI ORFs increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene deletion: full A V Alexandrino 2023 In XccΔxylA2 mutant the symptoms were more severe and produced a larger necrotic area when compared to the wild type. Q8PI46 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 canker (Citrus) PHI:9118 TfmR (XAC3052) Xanthomonas citri eudicots Citrus sinensis (related: sweet orange) TetR-family transcriptional regulator, T3SS and fatty acid mechanism regulator reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation | gene mutation D Teper 2019 Overexpression of hrpG restored the virulence of ΔXAC3052, suggesting that the loss of virulence is caused by reduction of T3SS gene expression. | XccΔtfmR showed significant reduction in motility and production of exopolysaccharides (EPS). Q8PLL9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 canker (Citrus) PHI:124299 xylA1 (XAC1776) Xanthomonas citri eudicots Citrus x aurantiifolia (related: lime) putative XI ORFs increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene deletion: full A V Alexandrino 2023 In XccΔxylA1 mutant the symptoms were more severe and produced a larger necrotic area when compared to the wild type. | In XccΔxylA1ΔxylA2 double mutant the symptoms were more severe and produced a larger necrotic area when compared to the wild type. Q8PLR7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 canker (Citrus) PHI:4145 XAC1722 Xanthomonas citri eudicots Citrus sinensis (related: sweet orange) 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase reduced virulence gene mutation A P Facincani 2014 Q8PM59 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 canker (Citrus) PHI:3412 pstB Xanthomonas citri eudicots Citrus limonia (related: mandarin lime) | Citrus sinensis (related: sweet orange) phosphate metabolism loss of pathogenicity gene mutation L M Moreira 2014 Q8RP09 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial leaf spot PHI:981 hopI1 Pseudomonas syringae eudicots Arabidopsis thaliana (related: thale cress) | Nicotiana benthamiana (no common name found) effector effector (plant avirulence determinant) gene deletion; gene complementation Jelenska et al Q8X1E7 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 grey mold PHI:550 BOS1 Botrytis cinerea eudicots Phaseolus vulgaris (related: kidney bean) | Solanum lycopersicum (related: tomato) histidine kinase reduced virulence gene disruption; gene complementation Q8X215 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 grey mold PHI:837 os-1 / bos1 / barA Botrytis cinerea two component histidine kinase chemistry target: resistance to chemical gene mutation: characterised Cui et al Q8X965 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:3472 TolA Escherichia coli moths Galleria mellonella (related: greater wax moth) periplasm spanning protein reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation J K Morgan 2014 Q8XDQ1 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 urinary tract infection PHI:7042 katN Escherichia coli rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) effector protein effector (plant avirulence determinant) gene mutation; gene complementation B Wan 2017 The deletion mutant of T6SS was attenuated in virulence compared with the wild type strain, while the deletion mutant of katN had comparable virulence to the wild type strain. Primary peritoneal macrophage cell tissue. Q8XSV8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial wilt PHI:5272 fabG2 Ralstonia solanacearum eudicots Solanum lycopersicum (related: tomato) 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase reduced virulence gene disruption; gene complementation S Feng 2015 RsfabG1 gene carried on the R. solanacearum chromosome is essential for growth of the bacterium, as is the case for fabG in E. coli. In contrast, the null mutant strain with the megaplasmid-encoded RsfabG2 gene is viable but has a fatty acid composition that differs significantly from that of the wild type strain. Our study also shows that RsFabG2 plays a role in adaptation to high salt concentration and low pH, and in pathogenesis of disease in tomato plants. Q8XVT6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 wilt PHI:123502 proA Ralstonia solanacearum eudicots Nicotiana tabacum (related: common tobacco) gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation; gene mutation: characterised Y Guan 2022 Deletion of proA significantly impaired the ability of R. solanacearum to invade and colonize host xylem vessels. Q8XW15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial wilt PHI:8884 aroG1 Ralstonia solanacearum eudicots Nicotiana tabacum (related: common tobacco) | Solanum lycopersicum (related: Tomato) phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxyheptonate aldolase loss of pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation W Zhang 2019 Virulence of the aroG1/2 or aroG1 mutants was completely diminished or significantly impaired in tomato and tobacco plants, but not the aroG2 mutants. Q8XWV5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial wilt PHI:7723 speC (RSc2365) Ralstonia solanacearum eudicots Solanum lycopersicum (related: Tomato) ornithine decarboxylase loss of pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation T M Lowe-Power 2017 A ΔspeC mutant required 15 µM exogenous putrescine to grow and could not grow alone in xylem even when plants were treated with putrescine, however, co-inoculation with wildtype rescued ΔspeC growth, indicating R. solanacearum produced and exported putrescine to xylem sap. Q8XZV5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial wilt PHI:124930 rbfA Ralstonia solanacearum eudicot Nicotiana benthamiana (no common name found) ribosome-binding factor A loss of pathogenicity gene deletion: full ; gene complementation J Li 2020 Compared to wild type both mutants failed to cause bacterial wilt disease in tobacco plants. Q8Y0J2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial wilt PHI:5271 fabG1 Ralstonia solanacearum eudicots Solanum lycopersicum (related: tomato) 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase lethal gene disruption; gene complementation S Feng 2015 RsfabG1 gene carried on the R. solanacearum chromosome is essential for growth of the bacterium, as is the case for fabG in E. coli. In contrast, the null mutant strain with the megaplasmid-encoded RsfabG2 gene is viable but has a fatty acid composition that differs significantly from that of the wild type strain. Our study also shows that RsFabG2 plays a role in adaptation to high salt concentration and low pH, and in pathogenesis of disease in tomato plants. Q8Y1E7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial wilt PHI:8885 aroG2 Ralstonia solanacearum eudicots Nicotiana tabacum (related: common tobacco) | Solanum lycopersicum (related: Tomato) phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxyheptonate aldolase loss of pathogenicity | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation W Zhang 2019 Virulence of the aroG1/2 or aroG1 mutants was completely diminished or significantly impaired in tomato and tobacco plants, but not the aroG2 mutants. Q8Y282 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial wilt PHI:124736 | PHI:8677 RSc0454 Ralstonia solanacearum eudicots Nicotiana benthamiana (no common name found) | Solanum lycopersicum (related: Tomato) | Solanum lycopersicum (related: tomato) FAD-linked oxidase loss of pathogenicity gene deletion: full ; gene complementation | gene deletion: full; gene complementation | gene mutation; gene complementation M Chen 2021 | X Hu 2018 A single DUF3683, LDH, or SDH domain was insufficient to restore bacterial pathogenicity. | RSc0454 mutants shows diminished growth in the minimal medium, and lost pathogenicity toward host plant. Q8Y3F1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial wilt PHI:11791 gabT (RSc0029) Ralstonia solanacearum eudicots Solanum lycopersicum (related: Tomato) 4-aminobutyrate aminotransaminase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation L Xian 2021 The gabT-encoded GABA transaminase was required for full virulence of R. solanacearum in a natural host plant. Q8YG33 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ovine brucellosis PHI:5423 BMEI1329 Brucella melitensis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) two-component response regulator reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation Q Liu 2015 A two-component response regulator gene in the transcriptional regulation pathway, identified through gene deletion and complementary technologies, played an important role in the resistance to the acid-resistance and virulence of Brucella. Q8YIE6 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 ovine brucellosis PHI:4190 cspA Brucella melitensis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) cold shock protein reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation Z Wang 2014 Mutant showed an increased sensitivity to acidic and H2O2 stresses and slower growth at 15 degrees C. Q8ZAM2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bubonic plague PHI:9370 tatA Yersinia pestis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) Sec-independent protein translocase protein reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation A Tidhar 2019 NlpD essentiality in iron utilization involved the activity of the Tat system. Q8ZIW2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 pneumonic plague PHI:4064 Hfq Yersinia pestis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) RNA-binding protein reduced virulence gene mutation W W Lathem 2014 Q8ZJY5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:7575 yjiY Salmonella enterica nematodes | rodents Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) peptide-utilizing carbon starvation protein reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation P Garai 2015 Systemic infection in the mouse model did not depend on yjiY, as the presence of flagella is dispensable for systemic infection by Salmonella in the mouse model. Q8ZKE2 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:10047 fumB Salmonella enterica rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) fumarate hydratase class I reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation J Noster 2019 The increased phagocytic uptake of fumarase-deficient S. Typhimurium was due to enhanced CCW flagellar rotation and partially depended on glycogen synthesis. Q8ZLJ2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:7131 greB Salmonella enterica rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) transcription elongation factor loss of pathogenicity gene mutation T G Cantin 2017 Invasion of HT-29 epithelial cell line was abolished in double mutant strains lacking both GreA and GreB. Q8ZLT3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 food poisoning PHI:3878 pnp Salmonella enterica even-toed ungulates Sus scrofa (related: pig) polynucleotide phosphorylase, an exoribonuclease involved in RNA processing and degradation reduced virulence gene mutation S M D Bearson 2013 Q8ZPL7 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:10048 fumC Salmonella enterica rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) fumarate hydratase class II reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation J Noster 2019 The increased phagocytic uptake of fumarase-deficient S. Typhimurium was due to enhanced CCW flagellar rotation and partially depended on glycogen synthesis. Q8ZR28 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 salmonellosis PHI:7577 cstA Salmonella enterica nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) peptide-utilizing carbon starvation protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full P Garai 2015 Systemic infection in the mouse model did not depend on yjiY, as the presence of flagella is dispensable for systemic infection by Salmonella in the mouse model. Q8ZRE1 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 gastroenteritis PHI:9434 phoR Salmonella enterica rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) histidine kinase increased virulence (hypervirulence) | reduced virulence gene mutation: characterised S Choi 2019 The removal of MgtC's effect on the ability to transport phosphate rendered Salmonella hypervirulent and decreases a non-replicating population inside macrophages, indicating that MgtC-mediated phosphate transport was required for normal Salmonella pathogenesis. Q92210 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 candidiasis PHI:196 ADE2 Candida albicans rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase reduced virulence gene disruption; gene complementation Donovan et al. Q92AD0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 listeriosis PHI:7639 CspD Listeria monocytogenes bony fishes | primates Danio rerio (related: zebrafish) | Homo sapiens (related: human) cold shock protein reduced virulence gene mutation A K Eshwar 2017 An evaluation of double csp gene deletion mutant (ΔcspBD, ΔcspAD and ΔcspAB) strains that produce single csp genes showed that there is redundancy as well as functional differences among the three L.monocytogenes Csps in their contributions to virulence, cellular aggregation, flagella production and swarming motility. Q99ZA6 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:8561 dltA (M5005_Spy_1073) Streptococcus pyogenes primates Homo sapiens (related: human) putative D-alanine-D-alanyl carrier protein ligase reduced virulence gene mutation V P Van Hensbergen 2018 Both ΔsrtAand ΔdltA bacteria remained more susceptible to hGIIA-mediated killing in serum, whereas the ΔlytR and ΔgacI mutants were equally resistant as WT GAS. Q9C1E9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 anthracnose PHI:226 PEX6 Colletotrichum lagenaria eudicots Cucumis sativus (related: cucumber) peroxisome biogenesis loss of pathogenicity gene deletion Kimura et al. Partial gene deletion. pathogen formerly called Colletotrichum lagenarium Q9C1U1 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 blast (rice) PHI:551 HIK1 Magnaporthe oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) histidine kinase unaffected pathogenicity gene disruption Q9HFU3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 blast (rice) PHI:249 CYP1 Magnaporthe oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) cyclophillin reduced virulence gene deletion; gene complementation Viaud et al. Q9HU22 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:7634 rmlA Pseudomonas aeruginosa eudicots | rodents Lactuca sativa (related: garden lettuce) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase loss of pathogenicity | reduced virulence gene deletion: full A A Elamin 2017 In macrophage-mediated bactericidal assay, deletion of cell wall biosynthesis genes resulted in a significantly decreased survival of the bacteria. Q9HU59 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 opportunistic infection PHI:11700 ntrC Pseudomonas aeruginosa primates | rodents Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) DNA-binding transcriptional regulator reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation M A Alford 2021 P. aeruginosa mutant strains (ΔntrB, ΔntrC and ΔntrBC) colonized the skin but not the respiratory tract of mice as well as WT and, unlike WT, could be reduced or eradicated from the skin by ciprofloxacin. | P. aeruginosa ΔntrB, ΔntrC and ΔntrBC also exhibited distinct host interactions, including modestly increased cytotoxicity toward human bronchial epithelial cells, reduced virulence factor production and 10-fold increased uptake by macrophages. Q9HV44 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 opportunistic infection PHI:10485 dnaJ Pseudomonas aeruginosa flies Drosophila melanogaster (related: fruit fly) heat shock protein reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation B Zeng 2020 A dnaJ mutant produced hardly any pyocyanin and formed significantly less biofilms, which contributed to decreased pathogenicity. Q9HV59 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 pneumonia PHI:6080 pnp Pseudomonas aeruginosa rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) PNPase reduced virulence gene mutation R Chen 2016 Pseudomonas aeruginosa the KH-S1 domains of PNPase are required for the type III secretion system (T3SS) and bacterial virulence. Q9HV74 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 opportunistic infection PHI:3440 CbrA Pseudomonas aeruginosa cellular slime molds | rodents Dictyostelium discoideum (related: amoeba) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) | Rattus (related: rat) sensor kinase reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation: characterised; gene complementation A T Y Yeung 2014 Q9HVT6 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:5448 PA4485 Pseudomonas aeruginosa moths | rodents Galleria mellonella (related: greater wax moth) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) cell envelope protein unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation R Fernández-Piñar 2015 LptH and LolA, responsible for lipopolysaccharide and lipoproteins transport to the outer membrane respectively, and confirmed that they are important for cell envelope stability. LptH was also found to be essential for P. aeruginosaability to cause infection in different animal models. Q9HVW7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:7630 murA Pseudomonas aeruginosa eudicots | rodents Lactuca sativa (related: garden lettuce) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full A A Elamin 2017 In macrophage-mediated bactericidal assay, deletion of cell wall biosynthesis genes resulted in a significantly decreased survival of the bacteria. Q9HVY4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:11722 PA4431 Pseudomonas aeruginosa eudicots | flies Brassica rapa (related: field mustard) | Drosophila melanogaster (related: fruit fly) ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase iron-sulfur subunit reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation L Shen 2021 PA4429-31 deletion reduced the production of the virulence factors, including pyocyanin, rhamnolipids, elastase, and extracellular polysaccharides, and it resulted in a remarkable decrease in pathogenicity. Q9HVY5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:11721 PA4430 Pseudomonas aeruginosa eudicots | flies Brassica rapa (related: field mustard) | Drosophila melanogaster (related: fruit fly) cytochrome b reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation L Shen 2021 PA4429-31 deletion reduced the production of the virulence factors, including pyocyanin, rhamnolipids, elastase, and extracellular polysaccharides, and it resulted in a remarkable decrease in pathogenicity. Q9HW06 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:10781 PA4400 Pseudomonas aeruginosa nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) probable pyrophosphohydrolase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation J Drabinska 2020 The ΔPA3470, ΔPA3754, and ΔPA4400 mutants showed increased pyocyanin production, were more resistant to the beta-lactam antibiotic piperacillin, and were more sensitive to killing by H2O2. Q9HWQ1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:11347 PA4130 Pseudomonas aeruginosa flies | nematodes | primates | rodents Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) | Drosophila melanogaster (related: fruit fly) | Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) probable sulfite or nitrite reductase reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation S Fenn 2021 The PA4130 isogenic mutant showed substantial attenuation in disease models of Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans as well as reduced toxicity in human cell lines. Q9HZK6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:8945 nqrA (PA2999) Pseudomonas aeruginosa eudicots | moths Galleria mellonella (related: Greater wax moth) | Lactuca sativa (related: garden lettuce) Na(+)-translocating NADH-quinone reductase unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation A Torres 2019 In a lettuce model of virulence, loss of NDH-1 caused a decrease in recovered viable bacteria and a decrease in visual tissue damage. The compound deletion of NDH-1/NDH-2 causes a severe growth defect, both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. | In the Galleria mellonella model, neither deletion of NDH1 nor NDH-2 led to a change in median lethal dose, although death occurred more slowly in the NDH-1 deletion infections. Q9HZL0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:8941 nqrE (PA2995) Pseudomonas aeruginosa eudicots | moths Galleria mellonella (related: Greater wax moth) | Lactuca sativa (related: garden lettuce) Na(+)-translocating NADH-quinone reductase unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation A Torres 2019 In a lettuce model of virulence, loss of NDH-1 caused a decrease in recovered viable bacteria and a decrease in visual tissue damage. The compound deletion of NDH-1/NDH-2 causes a severe growth defect, both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. | In the Galleria mellonella model, neither deletion of NDH1 nor NDH-2 led to a change in median lethal dose, although death occurred more slowly in the NDH-1 deletion infections. Q9HZL1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:11246 | PHI:8940 nqrF | nqrF (PA2994) Pseudomonas aeruginosa eudicots | moths | rodents Galleria mellonella (related: Greater wax moth) | Lactuca sativa (related: garden lettuce) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) NADH dehydrogenase | Na(+)-translocating NADH-quinone reductase increased virulence (hypervirulence) | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation A Torres 2019 | T N Hreha 2021 In a lettuce model of virulence, loss of NDH-1 caused a decrease in recovered viable bacteria and a decrease in visual tissue damage. The compound deletion of NDH-1/NDH-2 causes a severe growth defect, both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. | In the Galleria mellonella model, neither deletion of NDH1 nor NDH-2 led to a change in median lethal dose, although death occurred more slowly in the NDH-1 deletion infections. | Some mutants, including the strain without NQR (ΔnqrF) had increased biofilm formation, pyocyanin production, and killed more efficiently in both macrophage and mouse infection models. Q9HZM8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:12280 rne Pseudomonas aeruginosa rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) multidrug-resistant protein increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene mutation; gene complementation M Vaillancourt 2023 Bacterial burden during BMDM infection and BMDM cytotoxicity were increased in nalDT158P, rneΔ50bp and rne::Tn mutants compared to WT. Q9I0J3 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:8938 nuoJ (PA2645) Pseudomonas aeruginosa eudicots | moths Galleria mellonella (related: Greater wax moth) | Lactuca sativa (related: garden lettuce) NADH-quinone oxidoreductase reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation A Torres 2019 In a lettuce model of virulence, loss of NDH-1 caused a decrease in recovered viable bacteria and a decrease in visual tissue damage. The compound deletion of NDH-1/NDH-2 causes a severe growth defect, both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. | In the Galleria mellonella model, neither deletion of NDH1 nor NDH-2 led to a change in median lethal dose, although death occurred more slowly in the NDH-1 deletion infections. Q9I0J4 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:8937 nuoI (PA2644) Pseudomonas aeruginosa eudicots | moths Galleria mellonella (related: Greater wax moth) | Lactuca sativa (related: garden lettuce) NADH-quinone oxidoreductase reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation A Torres 2019 In a lettuce model of virulence, loss of NDH-1 caused a decrease in recovered viable bacteria and a decrease in visual tissue damage. The compound deletion of NDH-1/NDH-2 causes a severe growth defect, both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. | In the Galleria mellonella model, neither deletion of NDH1 nor NDH-2 led to a change in median lethal dose, although death occurred more slowly in the NDH-1 deletion infections. Q9I0J6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:11247 nuoG Pseudomonas aeruginosa rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) NADH dehydrogenase unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation T N Hreha 2021 Some mutants, including the strain without NQR (ΔnqrF) had increased biofilm formation, pyocyanin production, and killed more efficiently in both macrophage and mouse infection models. Q9I0L7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:6212 clpS/clpA Pseudomonas aeruginosa rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) adapter protein reduced virulence gene mutation J Zhao 2016 Q9I168 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:5059 pvdH Pseudomonas aeruginosa rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) L-2,4-diaminobutyrate:2-ketoglutarate 4-aminotransferase unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation E Lopez-Medina 2015 Deletion of both P. aeruginosa pyochelin and pyoverdine genes attenuates P. aeruginosa virulence Q9I2N2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:5468 modA Pseudomonas aeruginosa cellular slime molds | rodents Dictyostelium discoideum (related: amoeba) | Rattus rattus (related: black rat) part of molybdate transporter ModABC reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation S Périnet 2016 The STM_modA mutant was defective for anaerobic growth and unable to use nitrates in the growth medium for anaerobic respiration. Q9I2U1 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:6213 clpP Pseudomonas aeruginosa rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) ATP-dependent Clp protease proteolytic subunit reduced virulence gene mutation J Zhao 2016 Q9I2U9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:7633 ppiB Pseudomonas aeruginosa eudicots | rodents Lactuca sativa (related: garden lettuce) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase reduced virulence gene deletion: full A A Elamin 2017 In macrophage-mediated bactericidal assay, deletion of cell wall biosynthesis genes resulted in a significantly decreased survival of the bacteria. Q9I3I6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:7016 smc Pseudomonas aeruginosa rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) condensin reduced virulence gene deletion: full H Zhao 2016 The inactivation ofSMC induced a state characterized by increased adhesion to surfaces as well as defects incompetitive growth and colony formation. In contrast, MksB-deficient cells were impaired in biofilm formation with no obvious defects during planktonic growth. Q9I5I4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:7979 dspI Pseudomonas aeruginosa primates | rodents Homo sapiens (related: human) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) enoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) hydratase reduced virulence gene deletion: full | gene mutation L Liu 2018 Deletion of dspI results in a remarkable decreased in the pyoverdine production, flagella-dependent swarming motility, and biofilm dispersion as well as attenuated virulence in P. aeruginosa PA14. | Deletion of dspI results in a remarkable decreased in the pyoverdine production, flagella-dependent swarming motility, and biofilm dispersion as well as attenuated virulence in P. aeruginosa PA14. adenocarcinoma alveolar basal epithelial cells Q9KL16 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 cholera PHI:6372 CspV Vibrio cholerae crustaceans Daphnia magna (no common name found) cold shock protein unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation L Townsley 2016 The mutant is defective in adhesion to the crustacean, however can spread same as wild type. Reduced killing of the microbiota growing on the crustacean was observed. Q9KQS8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 cholera PHI:6583 LonA Vibrio cholerae rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) protease regulates biofilm formation, motility, virulence, and the type VI secretion system reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation A Rogers 2016 LonA Protease Regulates Biofilm Formation, Motility, Virulence, and the Type VI Secretion System in Vibrio cholerae. Q9KUH3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 diarrhea PHI:5061 CsrA Vibrio cholerae rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) small RNA-binding protein involved in the regulation of a wide range of cellular processes. reduced virulence gene mutation A R Mey 2015 CsrA is likely essential in V. cholerae, since a complete deletion ofcsrAwas not possible; however, point mutations in CsrA were tolerated well. The CsrA Arg6His mutant had wild-type growth in vitro but was severely attenuated in the infant mouse model of V. cholerae infection, showing that CsrA is critical for pathogenesis. Q9KV11 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 cholera PHI:704 Hfq Vibrio cholerae rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) RNA binding protein that modulates gene expression post-transcription reduced virulence gene deletion CD-1 mouse Q9KVQ3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 cholera PHI:2417 tatC Vibrio cholerae rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) translocate folded proteins; virulence reduced virulence gene mutation: characterised; gene complementation Lijuan Zhang Mutants show reduced biofilm formation capability Q9P8W9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 cryptococcosis PHI:213 CPA1 Cryptococcus neoformans rabbits and hares | rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) | Oryctolagus cuniculus (related: rabbit) cyclophillin reduced virulence gene disruption; gene complementation Wang et al. Q9RBS0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacterial wilt PHI:5145 RSp0877 Ralstonia solanacearum eudicots Capsicum annuum (no common name found) | Solanum lycopersicum (related: tomato) | Solanum melongena (related: eggplant) type III effectors (T3E) and T3E-like genes effector (plant avirulence determinant) other evidence: association genetics F Pensec 2015 Score 0.5. Type III effectors (T3E) and T3E-like genes associated with avirulence as determined by ratio present probes/total probes per gene in 'avirulent strain pool'. A score of at least 0.5 corresponding to 50% probes assumes association of avirulence to at least one plant accession. | Score <0.25. Type III effectors (T3E) and T3E-like genes associated with avirulence as determined by ratio present probes/total probes per gene in 'avirulent strain pool'. A score of at least 0.5 corresponding to 50% probes assumes association of avirulence to at least one plant accession. Q9RMI5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 tuberculosis PHI:124226 furA Mycolicibacterium smegmatis rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) ferric uptake regulator increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene mutation X Fan 2023 60% of the mice survived in the furA infection 4 days after the intravenous challenge, and 100% survived the mc2115 infection. Q9X4G0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 opportunistic infection PHI:5042 hmgA Pseudomonas aeruginosa nematodes | rodents Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) | Mus musculus (related: house mouse) homogentisate 1-2-dioxygenase increased virulence (hypervirulence) | reduced virulence gene mutation; gene complementation C J Harmer 2015 Q9X4P2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:7474 PA0336 (RppH) Pseudomonas aeruginosa nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) nudix-type RNA pyrophosphohydrolase increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene mutation; gene complementation M Kujawa 2017 The catalytic activity of Pa RppH was essential for its cellular function. Q9X6P4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 infection PHI:3785 PA3644 Pseudomonas aeruginosa beetles Tenebrio molitor (related: yellow mealworm) acyltransferases reduced virulence altered gene expression / gene regulation: overexpression D H Yeom 2013 Q9XC86 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 leaf blight PHI:124433 Fur (AF146830) Xanthomonas oryzae monocots Oryza sativa (related: rice) ferric uptake regulator reduced virulence gene deletion: full ; gene complementation Y Q Zhang 2023 Infection of Δxanfur in rice leaf was significantly lower than that of WT or CpΔxanfur in rice leaf 7 and 14 days post-inoculation. R4UG28 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bacteremia PHI:5348 MmpL4a Mycobacteroides abscessus bony fishes Danio rerio (related: zebrafish) biosynthesis of the complex cell envelope increased virulence (hypervirulence) gene mutation: characterised A Bernut 2015 S0E8I3 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 bakanae PHI:124349 SdhB Fusarium fujikuroi eudicots Solanum lycopersicum (related: tomato) succinate dehydrogenase increased virulence (hypervirulence) | reduced virulence gene mutation Y Liu 2023 Pathogenicity of the mutants was increased compared with that of the wild-type parental strain. U3M7S2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 enteric redmouth disease PHI:3268 YraS Yersinia ruckeri bony fishes Oncorhynchus mykiss (related: rainbow trout) heat sensitive alkyl sulphatase unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation: characterised; gene complementation R Navais 2014 The yraS mutant showed a similar level of SDS resistance to the parental strain. V5VBJ6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:6492 lipA Acinetobacter baumannii rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) lipase reduced virulence gene deletion: full T L Johnson 2015 Due to a lack of extracellular lipase, the gspD mutant, the gspE mutant, and a lipA deletion strain are incapable of growth on long-chain fatty acids as a sole source of carbon, while their growth characteristics are indistinguishable from those of the wild-type strain in nutrient-rich broth. V5VCS6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:11208 clpS Acinetobacter baumannii rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) ATP-dependent Clp protease adapter protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full J C Belisario 2021 Clp-protease A. baumannii mutants exhibited decreased virulence in rodents, high phagocytic cell-mediated killing and reduced biofilm formation. V5VGK1 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:11207 clpB Acinetobacter baumannii rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) protein disaggregation chaperone reduced virulence gene deletion: full J C Belisario 2021 Clp-protease A. baumannii mutants exhibited decreased virulence in rodents, high phagocytic cell-mediated killing and reduced biofilm formation. V5VHC0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 nosocomial infection PHI:11772 dksA (AlS_0248 ) Acinetobacter baumannii rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) RNA polymerase-binding transcription factor reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation N Kim 2021 The ΔdksA mutant strain showed less bacterial burden and milder histopathological changes in the lungs of mice than the WT strain. W7LM43 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 maize ear rot PHI:124775 pex13 (FVEG_00529) Fusarium verticillioides monocots Zea mays (related: maize) DTM peroxins reduced virulence gene deletion: full ; gene complementation W Yu 2021 ΔFvpex13 mutant showed drastically reduced rot when compared with the WT progenitor and other mutants. W7MLS8 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 stalk rot (maize); ear rot (maize); seedling blight (maize) PHI:7285 FvCP01 Fusarium verticillioides monocots Zea mays (related: maize) catalase-peroxidase reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation S Gao 2017 Both ΔFvCP01 and ΔFvCP02 were more sensitive to H2O2 than the wild type in vitro and the ΔFvCP01/ΔFvCP02 double deletion were the most sensitive to H2O2. W7MS09 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ear rot (maize); stalk rot (maize) PHI:3385 FVEG_12529 Fusarium verticillioides monocots Zea mays (related: maize) fusaric acid biosynthesis unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full D W Brown 2014 Although the ability to produce fusaric acid contributed to the phytotoxicity of F. oxysporum culture extracts, lack of production did not affectvirulence of F. oxysporum on cactus or F. verticillioides on maize seedlings. W7NEP8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 stalk rot (maize); ear rot (maize); seedling blight (maize) PHI:7286 FvCP02 Fusarium verticillioides monocots Zea mays (related: maize) catalase-peroxidase reduced virulence | unaffected pathogenicity gene deletion: full; gene complementation S Gao 2017 Both ΔFvCP01 and ΔFvCP02 were more sensitive to H2O2 than the wild type in vitro and the ΔFvCP01/ΔFvCP02 double deletion were the most sensitive to H2O2. W8TRT9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 skin infection; food poisoning; respiratory disease PHI:10282 tufA Staphylococcus aureus primates Homo sapiens (related: human) elongation factor Tu increased virulence (hypervirulence) | unaffected pathogenicity gene mutation: characterised; gene complementation K McLean 2019 Directed inactivating lesions identified loss-of-function mutations that contributed to pathogenicity phenotypes. W8ZK20 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 urinary tract infection PHI:9198 yegN Escherichia coli rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) multidrug efflux system subunit reduced virulence gene deletion: full S H Hussein 2019 Knocking out mmpL-like genes showed slight differences in adhesion of the WT and mutant either on epithelial colon cells (Caco-2 cell line) or on biofilm formation that were not statistically significant. W9B4M6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 pneumonia PHI:6451 acrB Klebsiella pneumoniae nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) acriflavine resistance protein reduced virulence gene deletion: full S Bialek-Davenet 2014 Whole-genome sequencing showed that KPBj1 Rev had lost the entire rarA-oqxABR locus, situated close to an integration hot spot of phage P4. This large deletion seemed responsible for the significantly lower virulence potential of strain KPBj1 Rev compared with KPBj1 E+. Moreover, we found that KPBj1 E+ DacrB was significantly less virulent than its parental strain. W9B4Q6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 pneumonia PHI:6449 oqxB Klebsiella pneumoniae nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (related: roundworm) multidrug efflux pump reduced virulence gene deletion: full S Bialek-Davenet 2014 Whole-genome sequencing showed that KPBj1 Rev had lost the entire rarA-oqxABR locus, situated close to an integration hot spot of phage P4. This large deletion seemed responsible for the significantly lower virulence potential of strain KPBj1 Rev compared with KPBj1 E+. Moreover, we found that KPBj1 E+ DacrB was significantly less virulent than its parental strain. W9BBU8 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 pneumonia PHI:8964 leuC Klebsiella pneumoniae rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) 3-isopropylmalate dehydratase large subunit reduced virulence gene deletion: full G G Willsey 2018 BALF collected from mice infected with the leuABCD deletion strain demonstrated a reduction in the neutrophilic response to the mutant strain. W9BCN0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 pneumonia PHI:8963 leuB Klebsiella pneumoniae rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase reduced virulence gene deletion: full G G Willsey 2018 BALF collected from mice infected with the leuABCD deletion strain demonstrated a reduction in the neutrophilic response to the mutant strain. X0KJP3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 vascular wilt (banana) PHI:123106 | PHI:123109 FoQDE2 (FOIG_01986) Fusarium oxysporum eudicots | monocots Musa acuminata (related: dwarf banana) | Solanum lycopersicum (related: Tomato) argonaute coding gene reduced virulence gene deletion: full; gene complementation M Li 2022 The identified pathogenicity-involved milRNA provides an active target for developing novel and efficient biocontrol agents against Banana Fusarium wilt. | The identified pathogenicity-involved milRNA provides an active target for developing novel and efficient biocontrol agents against Banana Fusarium wilt. Tissue 'corm of seedlings'. X8AYS1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 disseminated disease PHI:3273 oppA Mycobacterium avium rodents Mus musculus (related: house mouse) transport of oligopeptides across the cell membrane reduced virulence gene mutation L Danelishvili 2014 Mutation in the transport domain of theoppA gene resulted in bacterial attenuation in both macrophages and in mice.